AUTHOR=Zhang Renjun , Tu Hongxiao , Xiang Huan , Hu Xiaojie , Chen Zheyan 
  
TITLE=The evolving landscape of eyebrow reconstruction: from traditional flaps to minimally invasive techniques and regenerative medicine
  
JOURNAL=Frontiers in Surgery
  
VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2026
  
YEAR=2026
  
URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/surgery/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2026.1865502
  
DOI=10.3389/fsurg.2026.1865502
  
ISSN=2296-875X
  
ABSTRACT=Eyebrow defects or deformities significantly impact facial aesthetics and emotional expression, making eyebrow reconstruction a critical area in reconstructive surgery. This review systematically examines the evolution of eyebrow reconstruction techniques, focusing on the innovative transition from traditional reliance on flap transfers to modern minimally invasive approaches and regenerative medicine strategies. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the principles, indications, clinical outcomes, and limitations associated with various techniques. It further explores current technical challenges and future directions in the field, aiming to offer a comprehensive theoretical reference and cutting-edge perspective for clinical practice. The integration of tissue engineering, hair transplantation, and advanced reconstructive methods holds promise for improving functional and aesthetic results, addressing both congenital and acquired eyebrow deficiencies.