This study was conducted at the School of Medicine of Nanjing University, selecting 92 patients with scoliosis who underwent surgical treatment from January 2021 to December 2022 as the study subjects. The selection process must strictly comply with ethical standards (7). The inclusion criteria are as follows: ① The patient does not have contraindications to anesthesia; ② The patient has no history of drug allergy; ③ The patient voluntarily participates in the experiment and signs an informed consent form; ④ The patient's listening, speaking, reading, and writing abilities are normal. The exclusion criteria are as follows: ① The patient has other diseases that induce vomiting and nausea; ② The patient has a mental illness that affects communication; ③ The patient has other serious complications or illnesses. 92 subjects who met the criteria were randomly separated into two groups, the control group (C, n = 46) and the experimental group (E, n = 46).

All patients underwent spinal correction, bone graft fusion, and internal fixation, with the same surgical and anesthesia methods. Among them, the C's patients received routine care, including education on anesthesia and surgical related knowledge, adverse reactions and corresponding treatment methods of postoperative analgesics, treatment methods for P-NV, and dietary education. Dietary education includes fasting for 6 h before surgery, fasting for 4 h, and eating for 6 h after surgery, with food gradually transitioning from liquid to regular (11).

The E's patients received comfort nursing interventions. ① Preoperative individualized psychological care: comprehensively evaluate the condition and needs of patients and their families, and provide targeted psychological counseling. Use psychological relaxation techniques to help patients relieve tension and alleviate possible N&V symptoms after surgery. Briefly explain surgical related knowledge to family members, remind them to maintain a good emotional state, and provide emotional support and comfort to patients. ② Dietary care: Guide patients to consume a light and easily digestible diet before surgery. Before surgery, stop eating solid foods and drink carbohydrate drinks or energy mixtures. Try drinking a small amount of warm water after surgery. If there are no symptoms of nausea or vomiting, enter a light diet after 4 h, and then give a semi liquid diet that is easy to digest. Avoid dairy products, soy products, and desserts, and avoid fried foods. Provide a balanced and delicious diet based on the patient's taste and health needs. ③ Pay close attention to patients: observe changes in blood pressure, follow medical advice, and ensure sufficient capacity. Inhale oxygen according to medical advice (with a conventional oxygen concentration of 3 L/min). ④ Positioning: Raising the head of the bed by 10°–30° after the patient's vital signs have stabilized can alleviate pain and reduce the occurrence of N&V. After 4 h of surgery, roll over on the axis, and the best lateral position is 30°–45° oblique position. When changing positions, move slowly and gently. ⑤ Acupoint care: Teach patients to press the Neihegu and Neiguan acupoints with their fingers, and press for 3 min in the morning and evening respectively, preferably with a slight sensation of soreness and swelling in the local area. Abdominal massage and warm compress on the abdomen can promote intestinal peristalsis and increase comfort. ⑥ Keep the environment comfortable: To maintain the comfort of the environment, the indoor temperature should be appropriate and there should be a good ventilation system to ensure air circulation. In addition, the levels of noise and light should also be within an acceptable range to avoid unnecessary interference with patients. To provide a comfortable bed, comfortable mattresses, pillows, and sheets should be chosen, and the bed should be kept clean and tidy. In addition, appropriate lighting should be provided based on the individual needs and types of activities of the patient to avoid glare or dim lighting causing discomfort to the patient's vision. Finally, to ensure patient comfort, soft, breathable, and fitting clothing should be provided, and the patient's needs should be met as much as possible. ⑦ Providing emotional support: Based on establishing good communication and trust relationships with patients, medical staff provide emotional support and comfort to patients through listening, understanding, and caring, helping them reduce their psychological burden, enhance their coping ability, and promote rehabilitation and mental health. ⑧ Provide activities and entertainment: Provide patients with appropriate activities and entertainment, such as reading, listening to music, watching movies, etc., to reduce stress and improve mood (12, 13).

General information: age, gender, body mass index (BIM), length of hospital stay, and duration of treatment. The N&V incidence in patients was evaluated according to World Health Organization standards: Level I: no N&V; Level II: Mild-nausea, abdominal discomfort, but no-vomiting; Level III: Obvious N&V, but no gastric contents vomited; Level IV: Severe vomiting, vomiting of gastric juice and other contents, and hard to control without medication. The frequency of N&V was obtained based on nursing records, and the pain degree was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS). The higher the score, the stronger the pain (14). The patient's postoperative physical characteristics include body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, urine volume, and respiratory rate. The related symptoms of P-NV in patients include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, decreased appetite, bloating, and discomfort. The use of medication for P-NV in patients with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing PCS should be determined based on the patient's specific situation and doctor's advice, including anti-nausea drugs, sedatives, analgesics, and oral or intravenous fluids. The postoperative recovery and recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients can be evaluated by recovery time, dietary intake, nutritional status, and gastrointestinal function indicators (15). The satisfaction level of patients with nursing can be divided into three types: very satisfied, satisfied, average, and dissatisfied. Very satisfied and satisfied together constitute patient satisfaction. The QOL after discharge includes seven aspects: physiological activity, emotional awareness, physical discomfort, mental health, sleep quality, anxiety or depression, and overall health. The study uses a QOL rating scale to quantitatively compare the QOL after discharge in two groups. The higher the score, the greater the QOL after discharge.

The research data was analyzed using SPSS26.0 software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The counting data is described using various types of quantities and tested using chi square distribution. The measurement data is described using mean plus minus standard deviation, which conforms to a normal distribution and adopts t-test. Using rank sum test to test the median and upper and lower quartile representations. If P < 0.05, it indicates statistical significance (16).

This study randomly divided 92 study subjects who met the standards into 2 groups, the C and E, with 46 in each group. As shown in Table 1, the general information of patients includes age, gender, BIM, length of hospital stay, and surgical time. The male/female ratios in the C and the E were 14/32 and 18/28, respectively, with an average age of 15.60 ± 3.67 years/16.52 ± 3.60 years. The BMI is 17.81 ± 1.73 kg/m² and 18.14 ± 1.53 kg/m², respectively. The anesthesia method is general anesthesia. The surgical time was 3.11 ± 0.78 h and 3.23 ± 0.97 h, respectively. The hospitalization time was 8.34 ± 1.05 days and 8.50 ± 1.16 days, respectively. The difference was meaningless in gender, age, BMI, surgical time, and hospital stay among patients, and there was P > 0.05 between the groups, indicating comparability between the two groups.

The incidence and level of N&V in patients are shown in Figure 1. Within 48 h after surgery, the number of N&V in C was 24, with an incidence rate of 52%. The number of people with grade II, III, and IV N&V was 8, 10, and 6, respectively. The number of people in the experimental group experiencing N&V was 8, with an incidence rate of 16%. The number of people with grade II, III, and IV N&V was 4, 4, and 0, respectively, significantly lower than the C (P < 0.05).

The N&V frequency in the patient was determined based on nursing records, and the degree of pain was evaluated by VAS, as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2A shows the frequency of N&V: the average frequency of N&V in C was 2.5 times, significantly higher than the 0.45 times in the experimental group. There was P < 0.05. Figure 2B shows the postoperative VAS score. The distribution of VAS scores in the C is within the (1,4) interval, while the E is within the (0,2) interval. Table 2 is the comparative data of VAS scores among patients [M (P25, P75)].

In Table 2, P > 0.05 before treatment indicates comparability. After treatment, the VAS scores within and between the two groups are P < 0.05. Both groups of patients show a decrease in VAS scores, indicating that both nursing plans can alleviate P-NV pain. The decrease in the E is 1 (0, 2), while the decrease in the control group is 2.4 (1.75, 3.56). The decrease in the experimental group is significant.

As shown in Table 3, the postoperative physical characteristics of the patient include body temperature, blood pressure, urine volume, heart rate, and respiratory rate. The body temperatures of the C and E are 36.8 ± 0.8 °C and 36.1 ± 0.2 °C, respectively. The systolic blood pressure is 103.6 ± 18.2 mmHg and 98.4 ± 9.3 mmHg, respectively. The diastolic blood pressure is 86.1 ± 6.3 mmHg and 73.6 ± 5.6 mmHg, respectively. The heart rates were 83 ± 3.6 bpm and 70 ± 4.5 bpm, respectively. The urine volume is 27.3 ± 9.6 ml/h and 28.3 ± 10.2 ml/h, respectively. The respiratory rates are 15 ± 3.6 bpm and 16 ± 4.2 bpm. There are significant differences in these several indicators with P > 0.05, while there are significant differences in body temperature and urine volume between the groups (P < 0.05).

As shown in Figure 3, the related symptoms of P-NV in patients include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, decreased appetite, abdominal distension, and discomfort. The distinction in abdominal distension scores among patients is not significant, with P > 0.05. There is a significant difference in the scores of various symptoms between the two groups of patients (P < 0.05).

As shown in Figure 4, the usage of medication for P-NV in patients with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing PCS should be determined based on the patient's specific situation and doctor's advice, including anti nausea drugs, sedatives, analgesics, and oral or intravenous fluids. The number and frequency of drug use in E are greatly lower than those in C, and the differences between the groups are P < 0.05.

The postoperative recovery and recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients can be evaluated by recovery time, dietary intake, nutritional status, and gastrointestinal function indicators. In Table 4, the comparison of recovery time, dietary intake, and nutritional status of patients shows P < 0.05. The gastrointestinal function and rehabilitation of the E are significantly better than C. Note: In the statistics of blood vitamins and blood electrolytes, R/T represents the proportion of normal test items to the total number of test items.

The satisfaction level of patients with nursing can be divided into three types: very satisfied, satisfied, average, and dissatisfied. Very satisfied and satisfied together constitute patient satisfaction. The satisfaction with nursing is shown in Figure 5. Among the control group of patients, 38 are satisfied, with 6 being generally satisfied and 2 being dissatisfied. The patient satisfaction rate is 83%. Among the experimental group of patients, 21 are very satisfied, 23 are satisfied, accounting for 2 in general, and 0 are dissatisfied. Patient satisfaction is 96%. It can be seen that the patients' satisfaction in E is obviously higher than that of C.

The QOL situation includes seven aspects: physiological activity, emotional awareness, physical discomfort, mental health, sleep quality, anxiety or depression, and overall health. As shown in Table 5, this study uses the QOL Rating Scale to quantitatively compare the QOL after discharge of patients. Higher scores represent better QOL after discharge. The physiological activity, emotional awareness, physical discomfort, mental health, sleep quality, anxiety or depression, and overall health scores of the control group are 70.6 ± 6.2, 75.4 ± 5.6, 76.3 ± 6.3, 66.6 ± 5.2, 66.5 ± 5.6, 69.3 ± 3.6, and 70.4 ± 5.4, respectively. The scores of the experimental group are 78.8 ± 5.4, 86.9 ± 4.9, 87.1 ± 6.9, 77.9 ± 5.6, 80.1 ± 3.5, 81.2 ± 6.4, and 84.6 ± 6.2, respectively. The QOL scores of E after discharge are significantly exceeded than C. The differences in various scores are P < 0.05.