Front. Surg. Frontiers in Surgery Front. Surg. 2296-875X Frontiers Media S.A. 10.3389/fsurg.2022.838428 Surgery Correction Corrigendum: Racial and Ethnic Inequities in Mortality During Hospitalization for Traumatic Brain Injury: A Call to Action Richie Emma A. * Nugent Joseph G. Raslan Ahmed M. Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States

Edited and reviewed by: Laura Lippa, Ospedale di Livorno, Italy

 *Correspondence: Emma A. Richie richie@ohsu.edu

This article was submitted to Neurosurgery, a section of the journal Frontiers in Surgery

 24 01 2022 2022 9 838428 17 12 2021 03 01 2022 Copyright © 2022 Richie, Nugent and Raslan. 2022 Richie, Nugent and Raslan

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

 A Corrigendum on Racial and Ethnic Inequities in Mortality During Hospitalization for Traumatic Brain Injury: A Call to Action by Richie, E. A., Nugent, J. G., and Raslan, A. M. (2021). Front. Surg. 8:690971. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.690971 mortality disparities inequities TBI neurotrauma race

There was an error in Table 1B as published in the original article. Secondary payor, discharge disposition, probability of survival, and deaths were overwritten for the propensity-matched cohort with instead a repetition of the demographic characteristics. The corrected and complete version of Table 1B appears below.

Patient characteristics stratified by minority status following propensity matching.

Total Non-minority Minority p-value Absolute standardized difference
n 3,000 1,500 1,500
Age (years)* 43.1 (1.65) 43.54 (1.65) 42.66 (1.65) 0.265 0.041
Categorical age 15–24 568 (18.9) 275 (18.3) 293 (19.5) NA 0.120
25–34 494 (16.5) 249 (16.6) 245 (16.3)
35–44 383 (12.8) 174 (11.6) 209 (13.9)
45–54 396 (13.2) 201 (13.4) 195 (13.0)
55–64 390 (13.0) 210 (14.0) 180 (12.0)
65–74 293 (9.8) 157 (10.5) 136 (9.1)
75–84 285 (9.5) 131 (8.7) 154 (10.3)
85+ 191 (6.4) 103 (6.9) 88 (5.9)
Sex Male 2,172 (72.4) 1,087 (72.5) 1,085 (72.3) 0.967 0.003
Female 828 (27.6) 413 (27.5) 415 (27.7)
Race White 1,518 (67.6) 1,500 (100.0) 18 (2.4) NA 9.000
Black or African American 99 (4.4) 0 (0.0) 99 (13.3)
American Indian or Alaskan Native 59 (2.6) 0 (0.0) 59 (7.9)
Asian 142 (6.3) 0 (0.0) 142 (19.0)
Hispanic or Latino 346 (15.4) 0 (0.0) 346 (46.3)
Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian 15 (0.7) 0 (0.0) 15 (2.0)
Other 68 (3.0) 0 (0.0) 68 (9.1)
Ethnicity Not Hispanic or Latino 2,624 (87.5) 1,500 (100.0) 771 (51.4) <0.001 1.375
Hispanic or Latino 375 (12.5) 0 (0.0) 729 (48.6)
BMI* 26.57 (1.23) 26.87 (1.23) 26.31 (1.24) 0.108 0.099
Injury type Blunt 2,853 (95.1) 1,432 (95.5) 1,421 (94.7) 0.398 0.034
Penetrating 147 (4.9) 68 (4.5) 79 (5.3)
Mechanism of injury Fall 1,198 (39.9) 608 (40.5) 590 (39.3) NA 0.051
Firearm 104 (3.5) 52 (3.5) 52 (3.5)
Motor vehicle traffic—Motorcyclist 87 (2.9) 42 (2.8) 45 (3.0)
Motor vehicle traffic—Occupant 616 (20.5) 303 (20.2) 313 (20.9)
Motor vehicle traffic—Pedestrian 253 (8.4) 128 (8.5) 125 (8.3)
Pedal cyclist, other 91 (3.0) 44 (2.9) 47 (3.1)
Struck by, against 341 (11.4) 175 (11.7) 166 (11.1)
Transport, other 85 (2.8) 38 (2.5) 47 (3.1)
Other 225 (7.5) 110 (7.3) 115 (7.7)
Work relatedness of injury Work related 129 (4.3) 59 (3.9) 70 (4.7) 0.368 0.036
Not work related 2,870 (95.7) 1,440 (96.1) 1,430 (95.3)
GCS on ED presentation* 10.62 (1.81) 10.81 (1.8) 10.43 (1.83) 0.142 0.059
ISS* 19.8 (1.6) 19.52 (1.6) 20.08 (1.6) 0.101 0.060
AIS H&N 3 1,239 (41.3) 623 (41.5) 616 (41.1) 0.220 0.077
4 1,104 (36.8) 566 (37.7) 538 (35.9)
5 646 (21.5) 308 (20.5) 338 (22.5)
6 11 (0.4) 3 (0.2) 8 (0.5)
TBI severity Mild 1,780 (72.6) 912 (74.1) 868 (71.0) 0.219 0.070
Moderate 169 (6.9) 81 (6.6) 88 (7.2)
Severe 503 (20.5) 237 (19.3) 266 (21.8)
Transport mode Ambulance 2,312 (77.2) 1,147 (76.7) 1,165 (77.7) 0.796 0.073
Privately owned vehicle 37 (1.2) 17 (1.1) 20 (1.3)
Walk in 2 (0.1) 2 (0.1) 0 (0.0)
Helicopter 419 (14.0) 213 (14.2) 206 (13.7)
Police or law enforcement 1 (0.0) 1 (0.1) 0 (0.0)
Auto launch helicopter 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Other 12 (0.4) 7 (0.5) 5 (0.3)
Fixed wing aircraft 211 (7.0) 108 (7.2) 103 (6.9)
Advanced directives Advance directive, directive to physicians, or living will 62 (2.1) 33 (2.2) 29 (2.0) 0.492 0.058
Both advance directive AND POLST prior to injury 13 (0.4) 4 (0.3) 9 (0.6)
No, neither advance directive nor POLST prior to injury 2,805 (94.6) 1,416 (94.8) 1,389 (94.4)
POLST in effect prior to injury 86 (2.9) 41 (2.7) 45 (3.1)
Operative status Operative patient 1,039 (34.6) 522 (34.8) 517 (34.5) 0.848 0.007
Non-operative patient 1,960 (65.4) 977 (65.2) 983 (65.5)
Time to first OR visit (min)* 871.31 (5.81) 1012.32 (5.37) 735.10 (6.23) 0.005 0.183
Length of hospital stay (days)* 3.8 (3.83) 4.26 (3.4) 3.38 (4.24) <0.001 0.172
Length of ICU stay (days)* 2.15 (3.08) 2.34 (2.92) 1.98 (3.24) <0.001 0.150
Total hospital charges* 46,051.76 (2.73) 47,165.17 (2.71) 44,964.63 (2.75) 0.193 0.048
Primary payor Vehicle insurance 792 (26.4) 398 (26.5) 394 (26.3) NA 0.090
Charity 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Commercial insurance 589 (19.6) 287 (19.1) 302 (20.1)
Medicaid 489 (16.3) 251 (16.7) 238 (15.9)
Medicare 530 (17.7) 278 (18.5) 252 (16.8)
Other health insurance (VA) 127 (4.2) 53 (3.5) 74 (4.9)
Self pay 334 (11.1) 167 (11.1) 167 (11.1)
Ward of federal government 17 (0.6) 9 (0.6) 8 (0.5)
Workman's compensation 122 (4.1) 57 (3.8) 65 (4.3)
n 3,000 1,500 1,500
Age (years) 48.41 (22.12) 48.87 (22.13) 47.96 (22.10) 0.259 0.041
Categorical age 15–24 568 (18.9) 275 (18.3) 293 (19.5) NA 0.120
25–34 494 (16.5) 249 (16.6) 245 (16.3)
35–44 383 (12.8) 174 (11.6) 209 (13.9)
45–54 396 (13.2) 201 (13.4) 195 (13.0)
55–64 390 (13.0) 210 (14.0) 180 (12.0)
65–74 293 (9.8) 157 (10.5) 136 (9.1)
75–84 285 (9.5) 131 (8.7) 154 (10.3)
85+ 191 (6.4) 103 (6.9) 88 (5.9)
Sex Male 2,172 (72.4) 1,087 (72.5) 1,085 (72.3) 0.967 0.003
Female 828 (27.6) 413 (27.5) 415 (27.7)
Race White 1,518 (67.6) 1,500 (100.0) 18 (2.4) NA 9.000
Black or African American 99 (4.4) 0 (0.0) 99 (13.3)
American Indian or Alaskan Native 59 (2.6) 0 (0.0) 59 (7.9)
Asian 142 (6.3) 0 (0.0) 142 (19.0)
Hispanic or Latino 346 (15.4) 0 (0.0) 346 (46.3)
Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian 15 (0.7) 0 (0.0) 15 (2.0)
Other 68 (3.0) 0 (0.0) 68 (9.1)
Ethnicity Not Hispanic or Latino 2,624 (87.5) 1,500 (100.0) 771 (51.4) <0.001 1.375
Hispanic or Latino 375 (12.5) 0 (0.0) 729 (48.6)
BMI 27.18 (5.91) 27.47 (5.96) 26.91 (5.85) 0.123 0.095
Injury type Blunt 2,853 (95.1) 1,432 (95.5) 1,421 (94.7) 0.398 0.034
Penetrating 147 (4.9) 68 (4.5) 79 (5.3)
Mechanism of injury Fall 1,198 (39.9) 608 (40.5) 590 (39.3) NA 0.051
Firearm 104 (3.5) 52 (3.5) 52 (3.5)

The values displayed are computed from the geometric mean geometric standard deviation.

BMI, Body Mass Index; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score; AIS H&N, Abbreviated Injury Score of the Head & Neck; TBI, Traumatic Brain Injury; POLST, Physicians Orders For Life-Sustaining Treatment; ICU, Intensive Care Unit; VA, Veterans Affairs.

 Publisher's Note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.