AUTHOR=Bing Fangbo , Zhang Guoxin , Wei Linjuan , Zhang Ming 

TITLE=A machine learning approach for saddle height classification in cycling

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Sports and Active Living

VOLUME=Volume 7 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1607212

DOI=10.3389/fspor.2025.1607212

ISSN=2624-9367

ABSTRACT=BackgroundSaddle height is an important factor in bike fitting because it correlates with cycling efficiency and the risk of injuries. Conventional approaches use anthropometric parameters and joint angles as references to calculate the optimal saddle height, such as the greater trochanter height and knee flexion angle. However, these methods fail to consider individual dynamic differences in cycling.ObjectiveThis study proposed a machine learning (ML) model for calculating saddle height based on easily measured kinematic data.MethodIn total, 16 subjects participated in riding tests at three saddle heights. The motion capture system recorded the trajectories of markers attached to their lower limbs. Features were calculated using the hip, knee, and ankle joint angles. The optimal feature set was selected using forward sequential feature selection. The accuracies of four ML models were compared using leave-one-subject-out cross-validation.ResultsThe optimal feature set contained 14 features related to the hip, knee, and ankle joint angles. The sagittal plane knee angle was the most sensitive to the saddle height, with a classification accuracy of 80%. The k-nearest neighbor model had the highest accuracy of 99.79% when using all the optimal features as inputs.ConclusionThe proposed model compensates for the lack of consideration in traditional methods of individual dynamic variations in cycling, providing a more objective tool for data-driven personalization in bike fitting.