AUTHOR=Anto Mariya , Mukherjee Koena , Mukherjee Koel 

TITLE=Nano bio-robots: a new frontier in targeted therapeutic delivery

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Robotics and AI

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2025.1639445

DOI=10.3389/frobt.2025.1639445

ISSN=2296-9144

ABSTRACT=In macro world, the robots are programmed machines, engineered to perform repetitive and often specialized tasks. Scaling down the size of a robot by a billionth of a meter gives a nano robot. The primary driving force behind the advent of micro and nano robots have always been the domain of medical technology and these robots are popularly known as nano bio-robots. The current review shines a light on these bio-robots in all their facets, encompassing both top-down and bottom-up fabrication approaches to their associated challenges followed by ethical approvals. The study describes in detail the synthesis techniques of nano bio-robot along with required actuation mechanism of the bio-robots. Further, in this paper, how a nano biorobotic drug-delivery system (NDDS) can deliver the drugs in a controlled way to the targeted site of the host in contrast to conventional drug administration is discussed. The paper also reviews and summarizes the administration pathways of these bio-robots in the human body and their efficacy in reducing various disorders. Overall, it can be said that the integration of nano robots with bio-concept presents distinct advantages and possesses significant promises for many applications.