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<article article-type="case-report" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="EN">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Front. Rehabil. Sci.</journal-id><journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Front. Rehabil. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2673-6861</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Frontiers Media S.A.</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fresc.2026.1658283</article-id>
<article-version article-version-type="Version of Record" vocab="NISO-RP-8-2008"/>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Case Report</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>A self-made suspension trainer as a tool for core muscle activation and motivation in a girl with cognitive and motor impairments: a case report</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Maksym</surname><given-names>Volodymyr</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">&#x002A;</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn001"><sup>&#x2020;</sup></xref><uri xlink:href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/3118402/overview"/><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Project administration" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/project-administration/">Project administration</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Data curation" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/data-curation/">Data curation</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="supervision" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/supervision/">Supervision</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Formal analysis" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/formal-analysis/">Formal analysis</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="methodology" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/methodology/">Methodology</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Writing &#x2013; original draft" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-original-draft/">Writing &#x2013; original draft</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="investigation" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/investigation/">Investigation</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="visualization" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/visualization/">Visualization</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Writing &#x2013; review &#x0026; editing" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing/">Writing &#x2013; review &#x0026; editing</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="conceptualization" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization/">Conceptualization</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="resources" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/resources/">Resources</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="software" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/software/">Software</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Funding acquisition" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/funding-acquisition/">Funding acquisition</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="validation" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/validation/">Validation</role></contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><institution>Independent Researcher</institution>, <city>Lviv</city>, <country country="ua">Ukraine</country></aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1"><label>&#x002A;</label><bold>Correspondence:</bold> Volodymyr Maksym <email xlink:href="mailto:vokhaable@gmail.com">vokhaable@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn001"><label>&#x2020;</label><p>ORCID Volodymyr Maksym <uri xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2639-5730">orcid.org/0009-0004-2639-5730</uri></p></fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date>
<volume>7</volume><elocation-id>1658283</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>&#x00A9; 2026 Maksym.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Maksym</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref start_date="2026-02-25">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)</ext-link>. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.</license-p></license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Children with combined cognitive and motor impairments often experience persistent difficulties with postural control, core muscle function, and motivation for rehabilitation. Low-cost, engaging approaches may be particularly relevant in resource-limited settings.</p>
</sec><sec><title>Case presentation</title>
<p>This case report describes a 13-year-old girl with a history of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and early-onset seizures, who had severe cognitive and motor impairment. Caregiver-provided clinical documentation indicated severe intellectual disability (ICD-10: F72.0) and degree II&#x2013;III activity limitations (as graded within national rehabilitation documentation) across domains including self-care, mobility, communication, behavioral regulation, and learning-related functioning. Clinically, she demonstrated marked core and scapular weakness, a rounded upper back posture, and reduced motivation after years of conventional therapy.</p>
</sec><sec><title>Intervention</title>
<p>A self-made suspension trainer was constructed from accessible materials (rope, gym stick, and floor mat) and integrated into therapy sessions. The main task consisted of supported sit-ups combined with assisted pulling, enabling partial weight support, with gradual progression in repetitions and independence.</p>
</sec><sec><title>Outcomes</title>
<p>Across sessions, observable changes were noted in task performance and engagement, including increased repetitions and reduced need for assistance. Outcomes were documented through session logs, therapist observation, and caregiver report; no standardized outcome measures were applied.</p>
</sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>This single-case report provides qualitative, hypothesis-generating observations suggesting that a low-cost, therapist-made suspension trainer may support engagement and task performance in a child with complex neurodevelopmental needs. These findings are not generalizable and warrant evaluation using standardized outcomes and longer follow-up.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>case report</kwd>
<kwd>core stability</kwd>
<kwd>low-resource intervention</kwd>
<kwd>motivation</kwd>
<kwd>neurodevelopmental disability</kwd>
<kwd>pediatric rehabilitation</kwd>
<kwd>suspension trainer</kwd>
</kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement>The author(s) declared that financial support was not received for this work and/or its publication.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts>
<fig-count count="3"/>
<table-count count="1"/><equation-count count="0"/><ref-count count="7"/><page-count count="6"/><word-count count="0"/></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>section-at-acceptance</meta-name><meta-value>Rehabilitation in Children and Youth</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body><sec id="s1" sec-type="intro"><title>Introduction</title>
<p>Children with combined cognitive and motor disabilities often present with impaired postural control, proximal muscle weakness, and difficulties in motor planning, which significantly limit their participation in daily and therapeutic activities (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>). Conventional pediatric rehabilitation typically relies on repetitive, therapist-led routines that, while functional, may reduce child engagement and intrinsic motivation over time (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>). Motivation is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in rehabilitation outcomes; interventions that introduce variety, sensory stimulation, and meaningful tasks tend to sustain engagement and support functional gains in children (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>).</p>
<p>In settings with limited resources, low-cost or improvised therapeutic tools offer vital clinical utility when specialized equipment is inaccessible (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>). Moreover, core stability or suspension-based interventions&#x2014;by providing unstable support surfaces&#x2014;can promote proprioceptive and vestibular inputs, potentially enhancing postural control and core muscle activation (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>). Such interventions combine physical challenge with novelty, which may boost motivation.</p>
<p>This case report describes the application of a therapist-constructed suspension trainer, made from accessible materials, to enhance core muscle activation and motivation in a 13-year-old girl with complex neurodevelopmental needs. To our knowledge, no prior reports have documented the use of a simple suspension device in pediatric rehabilitation within a resource-constrained context.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s2"><title>Case presentation</title>
<p>The patient was a 13-year-old girl with a history of perinatal hypoxic&#x2013;ischemic injury and early-onset seizures, presenting with severe cognitive delay and motor impairment affecting ambulation, balance, and coordinated movement.</p>
<p>On clinical examination, she demonstrated marked weakness of the core and scapular musculature. A stooped posture with rounded shoulders and exaggerated thoracic kyphosis was evident, largely attributable to insufficient upper back muscle activation combined with pectoral muscle tightness. The onset of adolescence and a period of rapid growth further exacerbated postural deviations and increased the complexity of rehabilitation needs.</p>
<p>The patient also displayed reduced motivation toward therapy. Having undergone years of conventional physiotherapy, she exhibited limited engagement, primarily due to the monotony and repetitiveness of traditional exercise routines.</p>
<sec id="s2a"><title>Baseline clinical and functional profile (from available records)</title>
<p>According to caregiver-provided clinical documentation from mid-2023, the child had a documented diagnosis of severe intellectual disability (ICD-10: F72.0) with major limitations in adaptive functioning and dependence on continuous adult supervision for daily activities. Communication was described as severely restricted, with limited functional speech and reliance on non-verbal means, and attention and self-regulation were reported as unstable. An Individual Rehabilitation Program recorded degree II&#x2013;III activity limitations (as graded within the national rehabilitation documentation) across domains including self-care, mobility, orientation, communication, behavioral regulation, and learning/education-related functioning. These domains broadly correspond to ICF Activity and Participation areas; however, no formal ICF coding or standardized international outcome measures were applied in the present report. The above information is summarized here in anonymized form.</p>
<p>To address both biomechanical and motivational barriers, a self-made suspension trainer was designed from readily available materials. The device consisted of a rope threaded through a ceiling-mounted loop, with its two ends fixed to the extremities of a gym stick (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>). This configuration allowed the creation of a horizontal support bar that the child could grasp while lying supine (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure&#x00A0;2</xref>).</p>
<fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Figure&#x00A0;1</label>
<caption><p>Photograph of the self-made suspension trainer constructed from a rope, ceiling-mounted loop, and gym stick.</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="fresc-07-1658283-g001.tif"><alt-text content-type="machine-generated">Photograph of a therapy room showing a rope suspended from the ceiling and attached to a horizontal gym stick above a floor mat (self-made suspension trainer setup).</alt-text>
</graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Figure&#x00A0;2</label>
<caption><p>Schematic illustration of the starting position for assisted sit-ups using the suspension trainer (supine position, knees flexed, hands holding the suspended stick).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="fresc-07-1658283-g002.tif"><alt-text content-type="machine-generated">Line drawing of a child lying supine on a mat holding a horizontal stick suspended by a rope from above.</alt-text>
</graphic>
</fig>
<p>The exercise involved an assisted sit-up movement in which the child pulled on the suspended stick while activating abdominal and back muscles. The sequence of the movement is illustrated in three phases, from the starting position to the upright supported posture (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figure&#x00A0;3</xref>). Initially, the child was able to complete only 1&#x2013;2 repetitions before fatigue. Over the course of several sessions, her endurance improved, and she successfully performed 10&#x2013;15 repetitions with minimal assistance. Outcomes were documented through session logs, therapist observation, and caregiver report; no standardized outcome measures were applied.</p>
<fig id="F3" position="float"><label>Figure&#x00A0;3</label>
<caption><p>Schematic sequence of the assisted sit-up movement using the suspension trainer: <bold>(A)</bold> supine start position, <bold>(B)</bold> mid-lift phase, <bold>(C)</bold> upright supported sitting.</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="fresc-07-1658283-g003.tif"><alt-text content-type="machine-generated">Three-panel line drawing showing the assisted sit-up sequence with the suspension trainer: supine start, mid-lift, and upright supported sitting.</alt-text>
</graphic>
</fig>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="s3"><title>Intervention</title>
<sec id="s3a"><title>Name of intervention</title>
<p>A self-made suspension trainer, informally referred to as the &#x201C;<italic>Karolina&#x201D; trainer</italic>, was developed and applied as the central therapeutic tool.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s3b"><title>Rationale</title>
<p>The intervention was designed to provide a more engaging, motivating, and functionally meaningful alternative to conventional core-strengthening exercises. The suspension design allowed the child to integrate larger muscle groups, benefit from assistance-as-needed, and experience dynamic proprioceptive and vestibular stimulation.</p>
<p>Materials and equipment
<list list-type="simple">
<list-item>
<p>One durable rope, doubled and anchored to a ceiling hook (previously used for a sensory hammock).</p></list-item>
<list-item>
<p>A lightweight gymnastics stick attached horizontally at the rope&#x0027;s ends, forming a suspended bar.</p></list-item>
<list-item>
<p>A padded floor mat to ensure comfort and safety.</p></list-item>
</list>A schematic line diagram of the setup is provided (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure&#x00A0;1</xref>).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s3c"><title>Provider</title>
<p>The intervention was planned and supervised by a licensed physical therapist.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s3d"><title>Procedures</title>
<list list-type="simple">
<list-item>
<p>The participant lay supine on the mat with knees flexed, grasping the suspended bar above the chest.</p></list-item>
<list-item>
<p>The exercise consisted of assisted sit-up movements, during which core activation was facilitated by the arms and upper back.</p></list-item>
<list-item>
<p>Bar height and grip width were adjusted individually to ensure both safety and progression.</p></list-item>
<list-item>
<p>Natural swinging of the rope introduced controlled instability, engaging proprioceptive and vestibular systems.</p></list-item>
</list>
</sec>
<sec id="s3e"><title>Therapeutic principles applied</title>
<list list-type="simple">
<list-item>
<p><bold>Assistance-as-needed:</bold> stronger upper body muscles compensated when trunk muscles fatigued.</p></list-item>
<list-item>
<p><bold>Dynamic instability:</bold> swinging motions challenged balance and sensorimotor control.</p></list-item>
<list-item>
<p><bold>Progressive overload and adjustability:</bold> exercise intensity was gradually increased by modifying repetitions, reducing compensatory support, and later transitioning to classical sit-ups and back extensions.</p></list-item>
</list>
</sec>
<sec id="s3f"><title>Schedule and intensity</title>
<list list-type="simple">
<list-item>
<p>Frequency: 2&#x2013;3 sessions per week.</p></list-item>
<list-item>
<p>Duration: each session included 2&#x2013;3 sets of suspension sit-ups, starting from 1 to 2 repetitions per set and progressing to 10&#x2013;15.</p></list-item>
<list-item>
<p>Total intervention period: 8 weeks.</p></list-item>
</list>
</sec>
<sec id="s3g"><title>Tailoring</title>
<list list-type="simple">
<list-item>
<p>Bar height, hand position, and therapist assistance were adapted according to the child&#x0027;s motor ability and weekly progress.</p></list-item>
<list-item>
<p>Exercises were progressed from assisted sit-ups to independent classical sit-ups and back extensions.</p></list-item>
</list>
</sec>
<sec id="s3h"><title>Adherence and fidelity</title>
<list list-type="simple">
<list-item>
<p>The child&#x0027;s motivation was maintained through playful elements, positive feedback, and progressive goal-setting.</p></list-item>
<list-item>
<p>Session logs were recorded by the therapist to document progression and adaptation.</p></list-item>
</list>
</sec>
<sec id="s3i"><title>Modifications and progression</title>
<list list-type="simple">
<list-item>
<p>Initially, the participant required considerable arm and back support.</p></list-item>
<list-item>
<p>Over the intervention period, compensatory use of the arms decreased, and trunk control improved.</p></list-item>
<list-item>
<p>By the end of the program, the participant was able to perform independent sit-ups and back extensions, with changes consistent with improved task performance and trunk control during practice.</p></list-item>
</list>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="s4"><title>Outcomes</title>
<p>Outcomes were documented through therapist observation, session notes, and caregiver report; no standardized or objective outcome measures were applied. Over the course of sessions, the child progressed from completing 1&#x2013;2 repetitions with early fatigue to 10&#x2013;15 repetitions with minimal assistance. Clinically, the therapist observed more stable trunk control during the task, less forward trunk inclination during walking/running attempts, and improved coordination during functional activities. The caregiver also reported increased willingness to participate and reduced avoidance of therapy activities.</p>
<p>Observed changes are summarized in <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table&#x00A0;1</xref>.</p>
<table-wrap id="T1" position="float"><label>Table&#x00A0;1</label>
<caption><p>Functional and motivational changes observed in the patient before and after intervention.</p></caption>
<table>
<colgroup>
<col align="left"/>
<col align="left"/>
<col align="left"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th valign="top" align="left">Parameter</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">Baseline (before intervention)</th>
<th valign="top" align="center">After intervention</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Coordination</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Poor; frequent involuntary movements, especially during gait; forward trunk inclination when attempting to accelerate</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Therapist and caregiver reported fewer involuntary movements and improved dynamic coordination; reduced forward trunk inclination during walking/running attempts.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Gait and running</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Slow and unstable walking; attempts to run accompanied by poor posture and excessive trunk lean.</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Able to attempt short bouts of running with improved posture and speed compared with baseline; described by caregiver as &#x201C;running very well&#x201D;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Posture</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Stooped posture with pronounced rounding of shoulders; habitual slouching.</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Less slouching observed; shoulders appeared more retracted; improved upright alignment noted during rest and movement.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Motivation/engagement</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Low; often reluctant and avoidant of exercises; preferred play activities.</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Higher engagement; more frequently requests sessions and participates more willingly; playful participation increased.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<p>All entries reflect qualitative observations and caregiver report; no standardized measures were applied. In addition to functional gains, caregiver feedback highlighted the psychosocial value of the intervention.</p>
<p>According to the patient&#x0027;s mother:</p><disp-quote>
<p>&#x201C;I want to thank the physical therapist for identifying the difficulties with coordination, walking, posture, and motivation of my daughter. Thanks to his well-organized sessions and support, her coordination improved, and she not only runs &#x2014; she runs very well! We are both very grateful to him.&#x201D;</p></disp-quote>
<p>Such testimony provides contextual information on perceived changes; however, it remains subjective and does not replace standardized outcome assessment.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s5" sec-type="discussion"><title>Discussion</title>
<p>This case report presents practice-based observations following the use of a therapist-designed, low-cost suspension trainer in a child with neurodevelopmental impairment. Core dysfunction is widely recognized in children with cerebral palsy and related conditions, often contributing to impaired balance, reduced trunk control, and secondary musculoskeletal deformities (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#x2013;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>). Previous randomized controlled trials confirm that core stability training improves gait, upper limb function, and gross motor outcomes in pediatric populations (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#x2013;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>). However, many of these programs rely on structured equipment or standardized exercises that may lack adaptability and engagement.</p>
<p>In the present case, the suspension-based intervention integrated therapeutic principles with fitness-derived mechanisms such as progressive overload and dynamic instability. The rope-and-stick construction required active stabilization in multiple planes, offering proprioceptive input consistent with prior evidence highlighting the importance of unstable surfaces and multisensory feedback for postural control (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>&#x2013;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>). Importantly, the novelty and play-like nature of the device appeared to reignite the child&#x0027;s motivation, aligning with the broader understanding that emotional engagement and task variability are crucial for sustained rehabilitation adherence (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>).</p>
<p>The observed changes in posture and mobility-related task performance, including less slouching and improved walking/running attempts, are broadly consistent with prior reports on trunk/core-focused interventions in pediatric populations (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>). Improvements in task performance have also been described in core stability programs targeting upper-limb function in children with cerebral palsy (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>). Yet, unlike structured protocols, this approach was embedded in a personalized, context-specific solution requiring minimal cost and no specialized equipment. This may hold particular relevance in resource-limited settings, where access to rehabilitation services and conventional devices can be constrained (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>).</p>
<sec id="s5a"><title>Limitations</title>
<p>This report has several important limitations inherent to its design. First, it describes a single case, which precludes causal inference and limits external validity. Second, outcomes were documented primarily through therapist observation, session logs, and caregiver report, and no standardized or objective outcome measures (e.g., validated scales of motor function, posture, or participation) were applied, increasing the risk of subjectivity and potential overestimation of effects. Third, baseline functional classification was only partially available from routine clinical documentation, and no formal international classification (e.g., ICF coding) was performed. Fourth, there was no blinding, no independent assessment, and no comparison condition, and possible confounders (e.g., natural maturation, concurrent interventions, changes in routines) cannot be fully excluded. Finally, follow-up beyond the immediate intervention period was limited. Accordingly, these findings should be interpreted as qualitative, hypothesis-generating observations and are not generalizable.</p>
<p>Future work should evaluate similar low-resource, engagement-oriented approaches using standardized outcome measures and longer follow-up.</p>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="s6" sec-type="conclusions"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>In summary, this report presents a low-cost, therapist-designed suspension-based approach associated with observable changes in engagement and task performance in one child with neurodevelopmental impairment. These observations are qualitative and hypothesis-generating and should not be generalized; however, they may inform the development of feasible, motivating interventions for pediatric rehabilitation in low-resource settings.</p>
<p>While the outcomes in this single case cannot be generalized, the report supports further evaluation of similar low-resource, engagement-oriented approaches using standardized outcome measures, independent assessment where feasible, and longer follow-up in small prospective cohorts.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<sec id="s7" sec-type="data-availability"><title>Data availability statement</title>
<p>The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s8" sec-type="ethics-statement"><title>Ethics statement</title>
<p>Ethical approval was not required for the study involving human samples in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements because [reason ethics approval was not required]. Written informed consent for participation in this study was provided by the participants&#x2019; legal guardians/next of kin. Written informed consent was obtained from the individual(s), and minor(s)&#x0027; legal guardian/next of kin, for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s9" sec-type="author-contributions"><title>Author contributions</title>
<p>VM: Project administration, Data curation, Supervision, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing &#x2013; original draft, Investigation, Visualization, Writing &#x2013; review &#x0026; editing, Conceptualization, Resources, Software, Funding acquisition, Validation.</p>
</sec>
<ack><title>Acknowledgments</title>
<p>I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the young patient and her mother, whose perseverance, trust, and encouragement made this work possible. Their belief in my efforts and their willingness to share in both the challenges and the joy of progress have been a source of great motivation to me as a clinician. In my personal clinical practice, I refer to the self-made suspension trainer as the &#x201C;<italic>Karolina&#x201D;</italic>, in honor of the child who inspired its creation. I also sincerely thank the editors and reviewers for their thoughtful comments, patience, and constructive guidance throughout the revision process. Their genuine interest in refining the work of an early-career researcher has been invaluable and has significantly strengthened the clarity, rigor, and relevance of this report.</p>
</ack>
<sec id="s11" sec-type="COI-statement"><title>Conflict of interest</title>
<p>The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s12" sec-type="ai-statement"><title>Generative AI statement</title>
<p>The author(s) declared that generative AI was used in the creation of this manuscript. The author used generative AI tools (ChatGPT) for language refinement, structure suggestions, and formatting support. All scientific content, clinical observations, and case data were provided directly by the author.</p>
<p>Any alternative text (alt text) provided alongside figures in this article has been generated by Frontiers with the support of artificial intelligence and reasonable efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, including review by the authors wherever possible. If you identify any issues, please contact us.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s13" sec-type="disclaimer"><title>Publisher&#x0027;s note</title>
<p>All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.</p>
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<fn-group>
<fn id="n1" fn-type="custom" custom-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1718325/overview">Qamar Mahmood</ext-link>, National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM), Pakistan</p></fn>
<fn id="n2" fn-type="custom" custom-type="reviewed-by"><p>Reviewed by: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/3145503/overview">Shreekanth D Karnad</ext-link>, Kasturba Medical College, India</p>
<p><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/3145653/overview">Vijayakumar Palaniswamy</ext-link>, Srinivas College of Physiotherapy, India</p></fn>
</fn-group>
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