AUTHOR=Kai Chiharu , Kasai Satoshi , Teramoto Rei , Yoshida Akifumi , Tamori Hideaki , Kondo Satoshi , Hai Phan Thanh , Cong Nguyen Van , Tuan Dinh Minh , Loc Thai Van , Kodama Naoki 

TITLE=Classifying abnormalities in chest radiographs from Vietnam using deep learning for early detection of cardiopulmonary diseases

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Radiology

VOLUME=Volume 5 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/radiology/articles/10.3389/fradi.2025.1703927

DOI=10.3389/fradi.2025.1703927

ISSN=2673-8740

ABSTRACT=IntroductionVietnam still faces a high burden of infectious diseases compared with developed countries, and improving its health and sanitation environment is essential for addressing both infectious and non-communicable diseases. Chest radiography is key for early detection of cardiopulmonary diseases. Artificial Intelligence (AI) research on detecting cardiopulmonary diseases from chest radiographs has advanced; however, no AI development studies have used Vietnamese data, despite its high burden of both disease types, for early detection. Therefore, we aimed to develop an AI model to classify normal and abnormal images using a Vietnamese chest radiograph dataset.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 12,827 normal and 4,644 abnormal cases from two Vietnamese institutions. Features were derived from principal component analysis and extracted using Vision Transformer and EfficientnetV2. We performed binary classification of normal and abnormal images using Light Gradient Boosting Machine with 5-fold cross-validation.ResultsThe model achieved an F1-score of 0.668, sensitivity of 0.596, specificity of 0.931, accuracy of 0.842, and AUC of 0.897. Subgroup evaluation revealed high accuracy in both infectious and non-communicable cases, as well as in urgent cases.ConclusionWe developed an AI system that classifies normal and abnormal chest radiographs with high clinical accuracy using Vietnamese data.