Front. Psychol. Frontiers in Psychology Front. Psychol. 1664-1078 Frontiers Media S.A. 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1645087 Psychology Correction Correction: Student counseling centers in Europe: a retrospective analysis Franzoi Isabella Giulia * Sauta Maria Domenica Carnevale Giuliano Granieri Antonella Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

Edited and reviewed by: Sayyed Mohsen Fatemi, York University, Canada

 *Correspondence: Isabella Giulia Franzoi isabellagiulia.franzoi@unito.it 10 09 2025 2025 16 1645087 11 06 2025 18 08 2025 Copyright © 2025 Franzoi, Sauta, Carnevale and Granieri. 2025 Franzoi, Sauta, Carnevale and Granieri

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 A Correction on Student counseling centers in Europe: a retrospective analysis by Franzoi, I. G., Sauta, M. D., Carnevale, G., and Granieri, A. (2022). Front. Psychol. 13:894423. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.894423 emerging adulthood Europe mental health students student counseling centers section-at-acceptance Psychology for Clinical Settings

The wrong table was erroneously inserted for Table 1. The correct table is included below:

Descriptive statistics of the institutions mapped in each country for every geographical area.

Geographical area N %
Northern Europe Denmark 33 5.97
Estonia 25 4.52
Finland 41 7.41
Iceland 7 1.27
Ireland 25 4.52
Latvia 44 7.96
Lithuania 43 7.78
Norway 38 6.87
Sweden 37 6.69
UK 260 47.02
Total 553 100.00
Eastern Europe Bulgaria 52 9.17
Czech Republic 65 11.46
Hungary 53 9.35
Poland 270 47.62
Romania 95 16.75
Slovakia 32 5.64
Total 567 100.00
Western Europe Austria 70 6.90
Belgium 63 6.21
France 389 38.33
Germany 400 39.41
Liechtenstein 1 0.10
Luxembourg 2 0.20
Netherlands 55 5.42
Switzerland 35 3.45
Total 1,015 100.00
Southern Europe Albania 40 6.22
Croatia 37 5.75
Greece 47 7.31
Italy 216 33.59
Macedonia 16 2.49
Malta 2 0.31
Montenegro 10 1.56
Portugal 95 14.77
Serbia 46 7.15
Slovenia 52 8.09
Spain 82 12.75
Total 643 100.00
Middle Eastern Europe Cyprus 26 12.56
Turkey 181 87.44
Total 207 100.00
Total 2,985 100

The wrong table was erroneously inserted for Table 2. The correct table is included below:

Institution legal status and institution category distribution in each geographical area.

Dimension
Small Medium Big Very big ND
N Row % N Row % N Row % N Row % N Row %
Geographical area Northern Europe 368 66.55 103 18.63 52 9.40 2 0.36 28 5.06
Eastern Europe 398 70.19 42 7.41 24 4.23 2 0.35 101 17.81
Western Europe 530 52.22 87 8.57 82 8.08 19 1.87 297 29.26
Southern Europe 466 72.47 68 10.58 53 8.24 28 4.35 28 4.35
Middle Eastern Europe 100 48.31 31 14.98 35 16.91 33 15.94 8 3.86
Tot 1,862 62.38 331 11.09 246 8.24 84 2.81 462 15.48
Legal status
Public Private Private government-dependent ND
N % N % N % N %
Geographical area Northern Europe 203 36.84 143 25.95 205 37.21 0 0.00
Eastern Europe 295 52.12 244 43.11 17 3.00 10 1.77
Western Europe 646 64.47 206 20.56 87 8.68 63 6.29
Southern Europe 339 55.57 248 40.66 22 3.61 1 0.16
Middle Eastern Europe 118 57.00 89 43.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
Tot 1,601 54.53 930 31.68 331 11.27 74 2.52
Institution category
University University of applied sciences Other ND
N % N % N % N %
Geographical area Northern Europe 233 42.13 131 23.69 189 34.18 0 0.00
Eastern Europe 312 55.12 17 3.00 228 40.28 9 1.59
Western Europe 454 44.95 359 35.54 133 13.17 64 6.34
Southern Europe 418 68.52 96 15.74 94 15.41 2 0.33
Middle Eastern Europe 180 86.96 15 7.25 12 5.80 0 0.00
Tot 1,597 54.21 618 20.98 656 22.27 75 2.55

The wrong table was erroneously inserted for Table 3. The correct table is included below:

Online data available for every institutions in different European geographical areas.

Accessible information Not accessible information
n Row % n Row %
Geographical area Northern Europe 545 98.55 8 1.45
Eastern Europe 549 96.83 18 3.17
Western Europe 1,008 99.31 7 0.69
Southern Europe 611 95.02 32 4.98
Middle Eastern Europe 206 99.52 1 0.48
Tot 2,919 97.79 66 2.21

The wrong table was erroneously inserted for Table 4. The correct table is included below:

Presence of student counseling services in different European geographical areas.

Students counseling services χ2 df p
Not reported Reported
n Row % n Row %
Geographical area Northern Europe 175 32.11 370 67.89 69.77 1 <0.001
Eastern Europe 320 58.29 229 41.71 15.08 1 <0.001
Western Europe 422 41.87 586 58.13 26.68 1 <0.001
Southern Europe 321 52.54 290 47.46 1.57 1 0.210
Middle Eastern Europe 88 42.72 118 57.28 4.37 1 0.037
Tot 1,326 45.43 1,593 54.57 24.42 1 <0.001

χ2 = 93.84, df = 1, p < 0.001.

The wrong table was erroneously inserted for Table 5. The correct table is included below:

Presence of student counseling centers in institutions with different legal status in each European geographical area.

Geographical area Students psychological centers χ2 df p
Not reported Reported
n [expected] Row % n [expected] Row %
Northern Europe Dimension Small 152 [110.81] 42.11 209 [250.19] 57.89 22.09 1 <0.001
Medium 5 [31.62] 4.85 98 [71.38] 95.15 32.34 1 <0.001
Large 1 [15.96] 1.92 51 [36.04] 98.08 20.23 1 <0.001
Very large 1 [0.61] 50.00 1 [1.39] 50.00 0.36 1 0.549
Tot 159 30.69 359 69.31
χ2 = 75.01, df = 3, p < 0.001
Eastern Europe Dimension Small 255 [238.12] 66.93 126 [142.88] 33.07 3.19 1 0.074
Medium 18 [25.63] 43.90 23 [15.37] 56.10 6.06 1 0.014
Large 7 [15.00] 29.17 17 [9.00] 70.83 11.38 1 0.001
Very large 0 [1.25] 0.00 2 [.75] 100.00 3.33 1 0.068
Tot 280 62.50 168 37.50
χ2 = 23.95, df = 3, p < 0.001
Western Europe Dimension Small 204 [160.47] 38.64 324 [367.53] 61.36 16.96 1 <0.001
Medium 5 [26.44] 5.75 82 [60.56] 94.25 24.98 1 <0.001
Large 8 [24.92] 9.75 74 [57.08] 90.24 16.50 1 <0.001
Very large 0 [5.17] 0.00 17 [11.83] 100.00 7.43 1 0.006
Tot 217 30.39 497 69.61
χ2 = 65.87, df = 3, p < 0.001
Southern Europe Dimension Small 274 [224.49] 62.70 163 [212.51] 37.30 22.45 1 <0.001
Medium 11 [34.42] 16.42 56 [32.58] 83.58 32.77 1 <0.001
Large 11 [26.71] 21.15 41 [25.29] 78.85 19.00 1 <0.001
Very large 4 [14.38] 14.29 24 [13.62] 85.71 15.40 1 0.001
Tot 300 51.37 284 48.63
χ2 = 89.64, df = 3, p < 0.001
Middle Eastern Europe Dimension Small 46 [41.92] 46.00 54 [58.08] 54.00 0.68 1 0.408
Medium 14 [12.99] 45.16 17 [18.01] 54.84 0.14 1 0.713
Large 11 [14.67] 31.43 24 [20.33] 68.57 1.58 1 0.209
Very large 12 [13.41] 37.50 20 [18.59] 62.50 0.26 1 0.613
Tot 83 41.92 115 58.08
χ2 = 2.66, df = 3, p = 0.448
All European areas Dimension Small 931 [762.58] 51.52 876 [1,044.42] 48.48 64.36 1 <0.001
Medium 53 [138.84] 16.11 276 [190.16] 83.89 91.82 1 <0.001
Large 38 [103.39] 15.51 207 [141.61] 84.49 71.55 1 <0.001
Very large 17 [34.18] 20.99 64 [46.82] 79.01 14.94 1 <0.001
Tot 1,039 42.20 1,423 57.80
χ2 = 242.68, df = 3, p < 0.001

The wrong table was inserted for Table 6. The correct table is included below:

Presence of student counseling services in different institution category in each European geographical area.

Geographical area Students psychological centers χ2 df p
Not reported reported
n [expected] Row % n [expected] Row %
Northern Europe Legal status Public 71 [64.78] 35.32 130 [136.22] 64.68 0.88 1 0.348
Private 91 [44.80] 65.47 48 [94.20] 34.53 70.30 1 <0.001
Private government-dependent 13 [65.42] 6.40 190 [137.58] 93.60 61.98 1 <0.001
Tot 175 32.23 368 67.77
χ2 = 133.18, df = 2, p < 0.001
Eastern Europe Legal status Public 156 [168.18] 53.79 134 [121.82] 46.21 2.10 1 0.147
Private 143 [134.54] 61.64 89 [97.46] 38.36 1.27 1 0.261
Private government-dependent 13 [9.28] 81.25 3 [6.72] 18.75 3.55 1 0.060
Tot 312 57.99 226 42.01
χ2 = 6.92, df = 2, p = 0.031
Western Europe Legal status Public 218 [249.33] 33.85 426 [394.67] 66.15 6.42 1 0.011
Private 112 [78.98] 54.90 92 [125.02] 45.10 22.53 1 <0.001
Private government-dependent 32 [33.68] 36.78 55 [53.32] 63.22 0.14 1 0.712
Tot 362 38.72 573 61.28
χ2 = 29.09, df = 2, p < 0.001
Southern Europe Legal status Public 151 [175.26] 45.07 184 [159.74] 54.93 7.04 1 0.008
Private 157 [129.23] 63.56 90 [117.77] 36.44 12.52 1 <0.001
Private government-dependent 8 [11.51] 36.36 14 [10.49] 63.64 2.25 1 0.134
Tot 316 52.32 288 47.68
χ2 = 21.81, df = 2, p < 0.001
Middle Eastern Europe Legal status Public 61 [50.41] 51.69 57 [67.59] 48.31 3.88 1 0.049
Private 27 [37.59] 30.68 61 [50.41] 69.32 5.21 1 0.023
Tot 88 42.72 118 57.28
χ2 = 9.860, df = 1, p = 0.002
All European areas Legal status Public 657 [704.09] 41.37 931 [883.91] 58.63 5.66 1 0.017
Private 530 [403.48] 58.24 380 [506.52] 41.76 71.28 1 <0.001
Private government-dependent 66 [145.43] 20.12 262 [182.57] 79.88 77.94 1 <0.001
Tot 1,253 44.34 1,573 55.66
χ2 = 154.88, df = 2, p < 0.001

The wrong table was inserted for Table 7. The correct table is included below:

Effect estimates of independent variables on the availability of student counseling centers.

Geographical area Students psychological centers χ2 df p
Not reported Reported
n [expected] Row % n [expected] Row %
Northern Europe Institution category University 21 [74.50] 9.05 211 [157.50] 90.95 56.59 1 <0.001
University of applied sciences 54 [40.46] 42.86 72 [85.54] 57.14 6.67 1 0.010
Other 100 [60.05] 53.48 87 [126.95] 46.52 39.15 1 <0.001
Tot 175 32.11 370 67.89
χ2 = 102.42, df = 2, p < 0.001
Eastern Europe Institution category University 146 [177.70] 47.71 160 [128.30] 52.29 13.49 1 <0.001
University of applied sciences 8 [8.71] 53.33 7 [6.29] 46.67 0.14 1 0.710
Other 159 [126.59] 72.94 59 [91.41] 27.06 19.79 1 <0.001
Tot 313 58.07 226 41.93
χ2 = 33.41, df = 2, p < 0.001
Western Europe Institution category University 210 [174.75] 46.56 241 [276.25] 53.44 11.61 1 0.001
University of applied sciences 83 [138.72] 23.18 275 [219.28] 76.82 36.54 1 <0.001
Other 72 [51.53] 54.14 61 [81.47] 45.86 13.28 1 <0.001
Tot 365 38.75 577 61.25
χ2 = 61.41, df = 2, p < 0.001
Southern Europe Institution category University 191 [217.84] 45.80 226 [199.16] 54.20 6.92 1 0.009
University of applied sciences 58 [49.63] 61.05 37 [45.37] 38.95 2.96 1 0.086
Other 66 [47.54] 72.53 25 [43.46] 27.47 15.01 1 <0.001
Tot 315 52.24 288 47.76
χ2 = 24.89, df = 2, p < 0.001
Middle Eastern Europe Institution category University 72 [76.47] 40.22 107 [102.53] 59.78 0.46 1 0.499
University of applied sciences 6 [6.41] 40.00 9 [8.59] 60.00 0.05 1 0.831
Other 10 [5.13] 83.33 2 [6.87] 16.67 8.08 1 0.005
Tot 88 42.72 118 57.28
χ2 = 8.59, df = 1, p = 0.014
All European areas Institution category University 640 [702.21] 40.38 945 [882.79] 59.62 9.90 1 0.002
University of applied sciences 209 [269.81] 34.32 400 [339.19] 65.68 24.61 1 <0.001
Other 407 [283.98] 63.49 234 [357.02] 36.51 95.68 1 <0.001
Tot 1,256 44.30 1,579 55.70
χ2 = 130.17, df = 2, p < 0.001

The wrong table was inserted for Table 8. The correct table is included below:

Service offered by students counseling centers in different European areas.

B SE Wald df OR 95% CI p
Lower Lower
Dimension: small 124.66 3.00 Ref <0.001
Dimension: medium 1.44 0.17 72.37 1.00 4.22 3.03 5.88 <0.001
Dimension: big 1.50 0.20 59.14 1.00 4.50 3.07 6.61 <0.001
Dimension: very big 1.44 0.30 23.76 1.00 4.22 2.37 7.53 <0.001
Legal status: public 27.75 2.00 <0.001
Legal status: private 0.00 0.11 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.81 1.24 0.988
Legal status: private government-dependent 0.91 0.18 26.19 1.00 2.48 1.75 3.51 <0.001
Institution category: university 39.79 2.00 Ref <0.001
Institution category: University of Applied Sciences −0.10 0.13 0.64 1.00 0.90 0.70 1.16 0.424
Institution category: other −0.76 0.13 36.57 1.00 0.47 0.36 0.60 <0.001
Geographical area: Northern Europe 94.91 4.00 Ref <0.001
Geographical area: Eastern Europe −0.99 0.15 41.24 1.00 0.37 0.27 0.50 <0.001
Geographical area: Western Europe 0.11 0.14 0.62 1.00 1.12 0.85 1.48 0.430
Geographical area: Southern Europe −0.89 0.15 35.06 1.00 0.41 0.31 0.55 <0.001
Geographical area: Middle Eastern Europe −0.88 0.21 17.93 1.00 0.42 0.28 0.62 <0.001
Costant 0.57 0.14 15.97 1.00 1.76 <0.001

Model χ2 = 485.56, p < 0.001.

Nagelkerke R2 = 0.24.

Accuracy (%) = 69.19%.

The wrong table was inserted for Table 9. The correct table is included below:

Service offered by students counseling centers in different European areas.

Geographical area Psychological service Counseling Psychotherapy Psychiatric services Career counseling
N % N % N % N % N %
Northern Europe Not reported 348 93.80 78 21.02 361 97.57 365 98.38 262 70.62
Reported 23 6.20 293 78.98 9 2.43 6 1.62 109 29.38
Eastern Europe Not reported 197 85.28 121 52.38 228 98.70 229 99.13 104 45.02
Reported 34 14.72 110 47.62 3 1.30 2 0.87 127 54.98
Western Europe Not reported 462 45.52 345 26.01 595 96.59 607 98.54 379 61.52
Reported 154 15.17 271 43.99 21 3.41 9 1.46 237 38.47
Southern Europe Not reported 235 78.86 145 48.66 291 97.65 296 99.33 219 73.49
Reported 63 21.14 153 51.34 7 2.35 2 0.67 79 26.51
Middle Eastern Europe Not reported 107 90.68 39 33.05 117 99.15 117 99.15 94 45.41
Reported 11 9.32 79 66.95 1 0.85 1 0.85 24 11.59
All European areas Not reported 1,349 82.56 728 44.55 1,592 97.43 1,614 98.78 1,058 64.75
Reported 285 17.44 906 55.45 41 2.51 20 1.22 576 35.25
Geographical area Group counseling Counseling for disabled students Psychoeducational counseling Counseling for foreign students Sport psychology counseling Spiritual counseling
N % N % N % N % N % N %
Northern Europe Not reported 366 69.66 133 35.85 371 100 370 99.73 371 100 371 100
Reported 5 1.34 238 64.15 0 0.00 1 0.27 0 0.00 0 0.00
Eastern Europe Not reported 229 99.13 179 77.49 230 99.57 228 98.70 230 99.57 230 99.57
Reported 2 0.87 52 22.51 1 0.43 3 1.30 1 0.43 1 0.43
Western Europe Not reported 615 99.84 399 64.77 616 100 613 99.51 615 99.86 615 99.84
Reported 1 0.16 217 35.23 0 0.00 3 0.49 1 0.16 1 0.16
Southern Europe Not reported 297 99.66 175 58.72 282 94.63 294 98.66 298 100 298 100
Reported 1 0.34 123 41.28 16 5.37 4 1.34 0 0.00 0 0.00
Middle Eastern Europe Not reported 116 98.31 66 55.93 118 100 118 100 118 100 118 100
Reported 2 1.69 52 44.07 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
All European areas Not reported 1,623 99.33 952 58.26 1,617 98.96 1,623 99.33 1,632 99.88 1,632 99.88
Reported 11 0.67 682 41.74 17 1.04 11 0.67 2 0.12 2 0.12
Geographical area Social counseling Health counseling Sexual counseling Counseling for learning specific disabilities Phone counseling Language counseling
N % N % N % N % N % N %
Northern Europe Not reported 369 99.46 369 99.46 371 100 217 39.24 370 99.73 371 100
Reported 2 0.54 2 0.54 0 0.00 154 27.85 1 0.27 0 0.00
Eastern Europe Not reported 231 100 231 100 231 100 229 99.13 231 100 230 99.57
Reported 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 0.87 0 0.00 1 0.43
Western Europe Not reported 605 98.21 615 99.84 615 99.84 594 96.43 615 99.84 615 99.84
Reported 11 1.08 1 0.16 1 0.16 22 3.57 1 0.16 1 0.16
Southern Europe Not reported 298 100 298 100 297 99.66 225 75.50 298 100 298 100
Reported 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 0.34 73 24.50 0 0.00 0 0.00
Middle Eastern Europe Not reported 118 100 118 100 118 100 115 97.46 118 100 118 100
Reported 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 2.54 0 0.00 0 0.00
All European areas Not reported 1,621 99.20 1,631 99.82 1,632 99.88 1,380 84.46 1,632 99.88 1,632 99.88
Reported 13 0.80 3 0.18 2 0.12 254 15.54 2 0.12 2 0.12

The original article has been updated.

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