Front. Psychiatry Frontiers in Psychiatry Front. Psychiatry 1664-0640 Frontiers Media S.A. 10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1796681 Correction Correction: Healing spaces: a retrospective cohort study on the effect of outdoor spaces in psychiatric inpatient units on PRN medication use, seclusion/restraints, and constant observation LiuKevin 1 Conceptualization Data curation Formal analysis Methodology Validation Writing – original draft Writing – review & editing SaitoEma 1 2 Conceptualization Data curation Investigation Methodology Supervision Validation Writing – original draft Writing – review & editing LinderHoward 1 2 * Conceptualization Data curation Investigation Methodology Supervision Validation Writing – original draft Writing – review & editing Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, United States Correspondence: Howard Linder, Hlinder@northwell.edu 06 02 2026 2026 17 1796681 26 01 2026 01 02 2026 26 01 2026 Copyright © 2026 Liu, Saito and Linder. 2026 Liu, Saito and Linder https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. A Correction on Healing spaces: a retrospective cohort study on the effect of outdoor spaces in psychiatric inpatient units on PRN medication use, seclusion/restraints, and constant observation By Liu K, Saito E and Linder H (2026) Front. Psychiatry 16:1731925. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1731925 acute psychiatry constant observation outdoor space PRN medication restraint seclusion section-at-acceptance Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation

In the published article, there was an error. In the Abstract, Results, constant observation (CO) in unit B was incorrectly described as having increased with outdoor space inaccessibility in 2024, rather than decreased. CO in unit A was incorrectly described as having no change with outdoor space inaccessibility, when there was actually a decrease when compared to 2022, although not to 2023. This paragraph previously stated:

“On unit B, outdoor space inaccessibility was significantly associated with higher IM PRN use (mean difference = 1.57 orders/day, 95% CI [0.81, 2.33]), seclusion and restraint (mean difference = 0.63 orders/day, 95% CI [0.35, 0.91]), and CO (mean difference = 0.40 orders/day, 95% CI [0.17, 0.63]), with no significant change in PO PRN. On unit A, outdoor space inaccessibility was associated with an increase in PO PRN use (mean difference = 0.64 orders/day, 95% CI [0.26, 1.02]), but IM PRN, seclusion and restraint, and CO did not show a statistically significant change.”

The corrected paragraph appears below:

“On unit B, outdoor space inaccessibility was significantly associated with increased IM PRN use (mean difference = 1.57 orders/day, 95% CI [0.81, 2.33]), increased seclusion and restraint (mean difference = 0.63 orders/day, 95% CI [0.35, 0.91]), and decreased CO (mean difference = 0.40 orders/day, 95% CI [0.17, 0.63]), with no significant change in PO PRN. On unit A, outdoor space inaccessibility was associated with an increase in PO PRN use (mean difference = 0.64 orders/day, 95% CI [0.26, 1.02]), while IM PRN, seclusion and restraint, and CO did not show any statistically significant increase.”

The original article has been updated.

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Edited and reviewed by: Stefano Barlati, University of Brescia, Italy