Front. Psychiatry Frontiers in Psychiatry Front. Psychiatry 1664-0640 Frontiers Media S.A. 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1240881 Psychiatry Correction Corrigendum: Temporal associations between objectively measured physical activity and depressive symptoms: an experience sampling study Li Yu-Mei 1 * Konstabel Kenn 2 3 Mõttus René 3 4 Lemola Sakari 1 5 1Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany 2National Institute of Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia 3Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia 4Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 5Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

Edited and reviewed by: Maria Melchior, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), France

 *Correspondence: Yu-Mei Li yu-mei.li@uni-bielefeld.de 23 08 2023 2023 14 1240881 15 06 2023 03 08 2023 Copyright © 2023 Li, Konstabel, Mõttus and Lemola. 2023 Li, Konstabel, Mõttus and Lemola

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 A corrigendum on Temporal associations between objectively measured physical activity and depressive symptoms: an experience sampling study by Li, Y.-M., Konstabel, K., Mõttus, R., and Lemola, S. (2022). Front. Psychiatry 13:920580. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.920580 experience sampling method (ESM) physical activity accelerometry negative affect positive affect depressive symptoms within-individual differences section-at-acceptance Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

The following corrections were made because of two issues. First, the daylight-saving time in autumn 2017 and spring 2018 in the sensor data of 15 participants was not adjusted, which resulted in a misalignment of plus or minus one hour between the sensor data and the ESM questionnaire data. The problem arose when data collection ran across daylight-saving time, when a sensor was set up before time change and did not automatically adjust for time change but mobile phones automatically did adjust the time. The sensor data of eight and seven participants were adjusted for the time change in autumn 2017 and spring 2018, respectively. Second, some coding mistakes in the time window calculation were found.

In the published article, there was an error in Table 1 and Figures 1, 2 as published.

In Table 1, the values for physical activity and physical activity in MET were corrected. The values in Figures 1 and 2 were corrected.

The corrected Table 1 and Figures 1, 2 and their captions appear below.

Descriptive statistics.

All participants High levels of depressive symptoms Low levels of depressive symptoms
(N = 78) (n = 37) (n = 41)
Sex, n (%)
Male 21 (26.92%) 8 (21.62%) 13 (31.71%)
Female 57 (73.08%) 39 (78.38%) 28 (68.29%)
Educational attainment, n (%)
GCSE 2 (2.56%) 0 (0.00%) 2 (4.88%)
A level/highers 25 (32.05%) 13 (35.14%) 12 (29.27%)
Bachelor's degree 20 (25.64%) 10 (27.03%) 10 (24.39%)
Master's degree 24 (30.77%) 10 (27.03%) 14 (34.15%)
PhD 7 (8.97%) 4 (10.81%) 3 (7.32%)
Age, M (SD) 25.46 (6.18) 24.43 (5.45) 26.39 (6.70)
Baseline PHQ-9, M (SD) 7.91 (5.84) 12.78 (4.87) 3.51 (1.63)
ESM questionnaire, M (SD)
Positive affect 129.65 (29.61) 118.10 (24.78) 140.07 (30.00)
Negative affect 176.96 (103.18) 228.63 (99.06) 130.33 (83.45)
Depressive symptoms 449.48 (193.76) 547.51 (176.75) 361.02 (165.06)
Physical activity (milli-g/min), M (SD)
Average physical activity 150–180 min before 69.10 (23.65) 63.31 (21.04) 74.33 (24.90)
Average physical activity 120–150 min before 71.25 (29.14) 63.72 (27.05) 78.03 (29.60)
Average physical activity 90–120 min before 69.56 (26.89) 60.94 (23.62) 77.34 (27.55)
Average physical activity 60–90 min before 70.13 (22.79) 66.07 (24.08) 73.80 (21.19)
Average physical activity 30–60 min before 68.91 (21.26) 62.96 (21.33) 74.28 (19.96)
Average physical activity 0–30 min before 66.03 (21.15) 58.18 (16.73) 73.11 (22.38)
Average physical activity 0–30 min after 69.03 (21.81) 61.56 (14.26) 75.78 (25.18)
Average physical activity 30–60 min after 68.98 (23.06) 60.89 (17.30) 76.27 (25.28)
Average physical activity 60–90 min after 68.34 (25.05) 60.11 (17.24) 75.77 (28.65)
Average physical activity 90–120 min after 68.70 (24.44) 61.45 (23.15) 75.24 (23.98)
Average physical activity 120–150 min after 69.28 (27.32) 61.89 (24.64) 75.96 (28.17)
Average physical activity 150–180 min after 65.48 (24.51) 57.11 (17.79) 73.03 (27.36)
Physical activity in MET, M (SD)
Average MET 150–180 min before 1.63 (0.23) 1.58 (0.20) 1.67 (0.24)
Average MET 120–150 min before 1.65 (0.27) 1.59 (0.28) 1.70 (0.26)
Average MET 90–120 min before 1.63 (0.24) 1.56 (0.23) 1.69 (0.23)
Average MET 60–90 min before 1.63 (0.20) 1.60 (0.22) 1.66 (0.18)
Average MET 30–60 min before 1.62 (0.19) 1.58 (0.19) 1.67 (0.18)
Average MET 0–30 min before 1.59 (0.21) 1.52 (0.18) 1.66 (0.22)
Average MET 0–30 min after 1.62 (0.21) 1.56 (0.15) 1.68 (0.23)
Average MET 30–60 min after 1.62 (0.21) 1.56 (0.18) 1.68 (0.21)
Average MET 60–90 min after 1.61 (0.22) 1.55 (0.19) 1.67 (0.23)
Average MET 90–120 min after 1.62 (0.22) 1.56 (0.22) 1.68 (0.21)
Average MET 120–150 min after 1.63 (0.25) 1.56 (0.25) 1.69 (0.25)
Average MET 150–180 min after 1.59 (0.23) 1.52 (0.18) 1.66 (0.25)

The standardized betas and confidence intervals of multilevel models in which physical activity predicted the subsequently measured dependent variables (DVs) positive affect, negative affect, and depressive symptoms (A–D) and models in which the independent variables (IVs) positive affect, negative affect, and depressive symptoms predicted subsequent physical activity (E–H). Results for all participants (unstratified) (A, E). Results for positive affect (B, F), negative affect (C, G), and depressive symptoms (D, H) are stratified by baseline levels of depressive symptoms.

The regression coefficients and confidence intervals of applying isotemporal substitution models in multilevel models in which light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and total physical activity (not reported) predicted subsequent positive affect (A), negative affect (B), and depressive symptoms (C) in all participants (unstratified). To facilitate better interpretation, the regression coefficients were multiplied by 10 (thus an unstandardized regression coefficient of 0.20 means that with every 10-min increase of the respective intensity of physical activity, the dependent variable increases by 20% of a standard deviation).

In the published article, there was an error in Supplementary Tables 1–6 and Supplementary Figure 1. The values in Supplementary Tables 1–6 and Figure S1 were corrected. In the title of Supplementary Table 4, “Only the results of the interaction were presented” was added.

The correct Supplementary material appears below.

Results of multilevel models in which physical activity predicted the subsequent positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), and depressive symptoms (DS) and the models in which PA, NA, and DS predicted the subsequent physical activity in all participants (N = 78).

n β LL UL SE p
IV: Physical activity measured 150–180 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 2565 0.06 0.02 0.09 0.02 .008
NA 2248 −0.05 −0.09 −0.01 0.02 .016
DS 2217 −0.06 −0.10 −0.02 0.02 .008
IV: Physical activity measured 120–150 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 2651 0.06 0.03 0.10 0.02 .001
NA 2329 −0.08 −0.12 −0.04 0.02 <.001
DS 2296 −0.08 −0.12 −0.04 0.02 <.001
IV: Physical activity measured 90–120 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 2737 0.07 0.03 0.10 0.02 .001
NA 2413 −0.08 −0.12 −0.04 0.02 <.001
DS 2376 −0.09 −0.13 −0.05 0.02 <.001
IV: Physical activity measured 60–90 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 2807 0.05 0.01 0.09 0.02 .010
NA 2487 −0.05 −0.09 −0.01 0.02 .010
DS 2446 −0.07 −0.11 −0.03 0.02 .003
IV: Physical activity measured 30–60 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 2895 0.03 0.00 0.07 0.02 .066
NA 2570 −0.06 −0.09 −0.02 0.02 .007
DS 2524 −0.08 −0.11 −0.04 0.02 .001
IV: Physical activity measured 0–30 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 2987 0.08 0.05 0.12 0.02 <.001
NA 2660 −0.08 −0.12 −0.04 0.02 <.001
DS 2609 −0.11 −0.15 −0.07 0.02 <.001
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 0–30 mins after
PA 2912 0.06 0.02 0.10 0.02 .002
NA 2584 −0.04 −0.08 −0.01 0.02 .021
DS 2536 −0.07 −0.10 −0.03 0.02 .002
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 30–60 mins after
PA 2782 0.05 0.01 0.09 0.02 .023
NA 2456 −0.01 −0.05 0.03 0.02 .760
DS 2407 −0.04 −0.08 0.00 0.02 .079
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 60–90 mins after
PA 2720 0.01 −0.02 0.05 0.02 .672
NA 2397 −0.01 −0.05 0.03 0.02 .794
DS 2347 −0.02 −0.06 0.02 0.02 .672
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 90–120 mins after
PA 2654 0.04 0.00 0.08 0.02 .166
NA 2331 −0.01 −0.05 0.03 0.02 .716
DS 2283 −0.02 −0.06 0.02 0.02 .574
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 120–150 mins after
PA 2602 0.02 −0.02 0.06 0.02 .381
NA 2282 −0.04 −0.08 0.00 0.02 .088
DS 2235 −0.04 −0.08 0.00 0.02 .088
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 150–180 mins after
PA 2499 0.02 −0.02 0.05 0.02 .532
NA 2190 −0.01 −0.06 0.03 0.02 .532
DS 2143 −0.01 −0.05 0.03 0.02 .532

Note. n = number of observations; β = standardized beta of the fixed effect; LL = lower limit of the confidence interval; UL = upper limit of the confidence interval; SE = standard error of the fixed effect; p = adjusted p-value.

Results of multilevel models in which physical activity predicted the subsequent PA, NA, and DS and the models in which PA, NA, and DS predicted the subsequent physical activity in the participants with high levels of depressive symptoms (n = 37).

n β LL UL SE P
IV: Physical activity measured 150–180 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 1076 0.04 −0.02 0.10 0.03 .172
NA 941 −0.05 −0.11 0.01 0.03 .149
DS 930 −0.07 −0.13 −0.01 0.03 .072
IV: Physical activity measured 120–150 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 1119 0.08 0.02 0.14 0.03 .024
NA 980 −0.06 −0.12 0.01 0.03 .080
DS 967 −0.08 −0.14 −0.01 0.03 .024
IV: Physical activity measured 90–120 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 1156 0.11 0.05 0.17 0.03 <.001
NA 1014 −0.11 −0.17 −0.05 0.03 <.001
DS 999 −0.13 −0.19 −0.07 0.03 <.001
IV: Physical activity measured 60–90 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 1173 0.08 0.03 0.14 0.03 .004
NA 1032 −0.10 −0.16 −0.05 0.03 .001
DS 1017 −0.13 −0.19 −0.07 0.03 <.001
IV: Physical activity measured 30–60 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 1210 0.06 0.00 0.11 0.03 .048
NA 1070 −0.08 −0.14 −0.02 0.03 .009
DS 1053 −0.11 −0.17 −0.05 0.03 .002
IV: Physical activity measured 0–30 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 1243 0.15 0.10 0.21 0.03 <.001
NA 1103 −0.13 −0.19 −0.07 0.03 <.001
DS 1085 −0.16 −0.22 −0.10 0.03 <.001
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 0–30 mins after
PA 1203 0.12 0.06 0.18 0.03 <.001
NA 1063 −0.09 −0.15 −0.03 0.03 .004
DS 1050 −0.12 −0.18 0.06 0.03 <.001
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 30–60 mins after
PA 1159 0.08 0.03 0.14 0.03 .013
NA 1020 0.00 −0.07 0.06 0.03 .924
DS 1006 −0.06 −0.12 0.01 0.03 .122
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 60–90 mins after
PA 1135 0.01 −0.05 0.07 0.03 .812
NA 997 0.01 −0.06 0.07 0.03 .812
DS 983 −0.02 −0.08 0.04 0.03 .812
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 90–120 mins after
PA 1108 0.05 −0.01 0.11 0.03 .222
NA 970 −0.01 −0.07 0.05 0.03 .759
DS 956 −0.04 −0.10 0.03 0.03 .413
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 120–150 mins after
PA 1088 0.05 −0.01 0.11 0.03 .113
NA 952 −0.06 −0.12 0.01 0.03 .108
DS 938 −0.07 −0.13 0.00 0.03 .108
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 150–180 mins after
PA 1040 0.05 −0.01 0.11 0.03 .125
NA 908 −0.07 −0.13 0.00 0.03 .125
DS 894 −0.05 −0.11 0.02 0.03 .147

Note. n = number of observations; β = standardized beta of the fixed effect; LL = lower limit of the confidence interval; UL = upper limit of the confidence interval; SE = standard error of the fixed effect; p = adjusted p-value.

Results of multilevel models in which physical activity predicted the subsequent PA, NA, and DS and models in which PA, NA, and DS predicted the subsequent physical activity in the participants with low levels of depressive symptoms (n = 41).

n β LL UL SE P
IV: Physical activity measured 150–180 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 1489 0.07 0.01 0.12 0.03 .038
NA 1307 −0.05 −0.10 0.01 0.03 .082
DS 1287 −0.06 −0.11 0.00 0.03 .071
IV: Physical activity measured 120–150 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 1532 0.05 0.00 0.11 0.03 .035
NA 1349 −0.09 −0.15 −0.04 0.03 .002
DS 1329 −0.08 −0.14 −0.03 0.03 .005
IV: Physical activity measured 90–120 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 1581 0.03 −0.02 0.08 0.03 .213
NA 1399 −0.06 −0.11 −0.01 0.03 .031
DS 1377 −0.06 −0.12 −0.01 0.03 .031
IV: Physical activity measured 60–90 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 1634 0.03 −0.02 0.07 0.02 .733
NA 1455 -.01 −0.06 0.04 0.03 .767
DS 1429 −0.02 −0.07 0.03 0.03 .733
IV: Physical activity measured 30–60 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 1685 0.02 −0.03 0.06 0.02 .492
NA 1500 −0.03 −0.08 0.02 0.03 .334
DS 1471 −0.05 −0.10 0.00 0.03 .182
IV: Physical activity measured 0–30 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 1744 0.03 −0.01 0.08 0.02 .167
NA 1557 −0.05 −0.10 0.00 0.03 .099
DS 1524 −0.07 −0.12 −0.02 0.03 .021
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 0–30 mins after
PA 1709 0.02 −0.03 0.06 0.02 .471
NA 1521 −0.02 −0.07 0.03 0.03 .471
DS 1486 −0.03 −0.08 0.02 0.03 .471
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 30–60 mins after
PA 1623 0.03 −0.02 0.07 0.02 .522
NA 1436 0.00 −0.05 0.05 0.03 .885
DS 1401 −0.02 −0.07 0.03 0.03 .522
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 60–90 mins after
PA 1585 0.02 −0.03 0.07 0.03 .708
NA 1400 −0.01 −0.06 0.04 0.03 .708
DS 1364 −0.02 −0.07 0.04 0.03 .708
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 90–120 mins after
PA 1546 0.02 −0.02 0.07 0.03 .946
NA 1361 0.00 −0.05 0.05 0.03 .946
DS 1327 0.00 −0.05 0.05 0.03 .946
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 120–150 mins after
PA 1514 0.00 −0.06 0.05 0.03 .865
NA 1330 −0.03 −0.08 0.02 0.03 .618
DS 1297 −0.02 −0.08 0.03 0.03 .618
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 150–180 mins after
PA 1459 −0.01 −0.07 0.04 0.03 .594
NA 1282 0.02 −0.03 0.08 0.03 .594
DS 1249 0.01 −0.04 0.07 0.03 .594

Note. n = number of observations; β = standardized beta of the fixed effect; LL = lower limit of the confidence interval; UL = upper limit of the confidence interval; SE = standard error of the fixed effect; p = adjusted p-value.

Results of multilevel models in which physical activity and the interactions between physical activity and low vs. high depressive symptom groups predicted the subsequent PA, NA, and DS, and models in which PA, NA, and DS and the interactions between PA, NA, or DS and low vs. high depressive symptom groups predicted the subsequent physical activity in all participants. Only the results of the interaction were presented.

n β LL UL SE P
IV: Physical activity measured 150–180 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 2565 −0.02 −0.10 0.06 0.04 .959
NA 2248 0.00 −0.09 0.08 0.04 .959
DS 2217 −0.02 −0.10 0.07 0.04 .959
IV: Physical activity measured 120–150 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 2651 0.02 −0.05 0.10 0.04 .829
NA 2329 0.04 −0.04 0.12 0.04 .829
DS 2296 0.01 −0.08 0.09 0.04 .880
IV: Physical activity measured 90–120 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 2737 0.08 0.00 0.16 0.04 .112
NA 2413 −0.05 −0.13 0.03 0.04 .260
DS 2376 −0.07 −0.15 0.01 0.04 .144
IV: Physical activity measured 60–90 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 2807 0.06 −0.02 0.13 0.04 .134
NA 2487 −0.10 −0.17 −0.02 0.04 .024
DS 2446 −0.11 −0.19 −0.03 0.04 .020
IV: Physical activity measured 30–60 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 2895 0.04 −0.03 0.12 0.04 .279
NA 2570 −0.05 −0.13 0.03 0.04 .279
DS 2524 −0.06 −0.14 0.02 0.04 .279
IV: Physical activity measured 0–30 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 2987 0.12 0.05 0.19 0.04 .003
NA 2660 −0.08 −0.16 −0.01 0.04 .036
DS 2609 −0.09 −0.17 −0.01 0.04 .036
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 0–30 mins after
PA 2912 0.10 0.03 0.18 0.04 .018
NA 2584 −0.07 −0.15 0.01 0.04 .074
DS 2536 −0.09 −0.17 −0.01 0.04 .037
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 30–60 mins after
PA 2782 0.06 −0.02 0.13 0.04 .436
NA 2456 0.00 −0.08 0.08 0.04 .993
DS 2407 −0.03 −0.11 0.05 0.04 .680
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 60–90 mins after
PA 2720 −0.01 −0.09 0.06 0.04 .940
NA 2397 0.02 −0.07 0.10 0.04 .940
DS 2347 0.00 −0.09 0.08 0.04 .940
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 90–120 mins after
PA 2654 0.03 −0.05 0.11 0.04 .703
NA 2331 −0.01 −0.09 0.07 0.04 .827
DS 2283 −0.03 −0.11 0.05 0.04 .703
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 120–150 mins after
PA 2602 0.05 −0.03 0.13 0.04 .429
NA 2282 −0.03 −0.11 0.06 0.04 .518
DS 2235 −0.05 −0.13 0.04 0.04 .429
IV: PA, NA and DS; DV: Physical activity measured 150–180 mins after
PA 2499 0.07 −0.01 0.15 0.04 .148
NA 2190 −0.09 −0.17 −0.01 0.04 .103
DS 2143 −0.06 −0.15 0.02 0.04 .148

Note. n = number of observations; β = standardized beta of the fixed effect; LL = lower limit of the confidence interval; UL = upper limit of the confidence interval; SE = standard error of the fixed effect; p = adjusted p-value.

Results of multilevel models in which light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and total physical activity (TPA) predicted the subsequent PA, NA, and DS in all participants (N = 78). Only the results of LPA were presented.

n β LL UL SE P
IV: Physical activity measured 150–180 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 4079 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 .390
NA 3690 0.00 −0.02 0.01 0.01 .390
DS 3616 0.00 −0.02 0.01 0.01 .390
IV: Physical activity measured 120–150 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 4078 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 .018
NA 3689 −0.01 −0.02 0.00 0.01 .031
DS 3615 −0.01 −0.02 0.00 0.01 .018
IV: Physical activity measured 90–120 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 4077 0.00 −0.01 0.01 0.00 .938
NA 3688 0.00 −0.01 0.01 0.01 .759
DS 3614 0.00 −0.01 0.01 0.01 .759
IV: Physical activity measured 60–90 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 4074 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 .015
NA 3686 −0.02 −0.03 −0.01 0.01 .003
DS 3612 −0.02 −0.03 −0.01 0.01 .001
IV: Physical activity measured 30–60 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 4074 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 .325
NA 3685 0.00 −0.01 0.01 0.01 .349
DS 3611 −0.01 −0.02 0.00 0.01 .321
IV: Physical activity measured 0–30 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 4071 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 .220
NA 3682 0.00 −0.01 0.01 0.00 .698
DS 3608 −0.01 −0.02 0.00 0.01 .220

Note. n = number of observations; β = standardized beta of the fixed effect; LL = lower limit of the confidence interval; UL = upper limit of the confidence interval; SE = standard error of the fixed effect; p = adjusted p-value.

Results of multilevel models in which light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and total physical activity (TPA) predicted the subsequent PA, NA, and DS in all participants (N = 78). Only the results of MVPA were presented.

n β LL UL SE P
IV: Physical activity measured 150–180 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 4079 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 .308
NA 3690 0.00 −0.01 0.00 0.00 .318
DS 3616 −0.01 −0.01 0.00 0.00 .308
IV: Physical activity measured 120–150 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 4078 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 .415
NA 3689 −0.01 −0.01 0.00 0.00 .415
DS 3615 0.00 −0.01 0.00 0.00 .415
IV: Physical activity measured 90–120 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 4077 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 .022
NA 3688 −0.01 −0.02 0.00 0.00 .010
DS 3614 −0.01 −0.02 0.00 0.00 .010
IV: Physical activity measured 60–90 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 4074 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 .330
NA 3686 0.00 −0.01 0.00 0.00 .433
DS 3612 0.00 −0.01 0.00 0.00 .330
IV: Physical activity measured 30–60 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 4074 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 .169
NA 3685 −0.01 −0.02 0.00 0.00 .046
DS 3611 −0.01 −0.02 0.00 0.00 .015
IV: Physical activity measured 0–30 mins before; DV: PA, NA and DS
PA 4071 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 .013
NA 3682 −0.01 −0.02 0.00 0.00 .013
DS 3608 −0.01 −0.02 0.00 0.00 .011

Note. n = number of observations; β = standardized beta of the fixed effect; LL = lower limit of the confidence interval; UL = upper limit of the confidence interval; SE = standard error of the fixed effect; p = adjusted p-value.

The standardized betas and confidence intervals of multilevel models including an interaction between the main predictor and a dummy-coded group variable.

In the published article, there were errors in Materials and methods.

A correction has been made to Materials and methods, Statistical analysis, paragraph 1. This sentence previously stated:

“The intraclass correlation coefficients of the grand-mean centered variables are 0.45 for positive affect, 0.69 for both negative affect and depressive symptoms, and 0.03–0.15 for the physical activity variables.”

The corrected sentence appears below:

“The intraclass correlation coefficients of the grand-mean centered variables are 0.45 for positive affect, 0.69 for both negative affect and depressive symptoms, and 0.03–0.13 for the physical activity variables.”

A correction has been made to Materials and methods, Statistical analysis, paragraph 2. This sentence previously stated:

“Minutes of sedentary behavior, LPA, MVPA, and total physical activity were aggregated by 30-min time windows before the mood ratings…”

The corrected sentence appears below:

“Minutes of sedentary behavior, LPA, and MVPA were aggregated by 30-min time windows before the mood ratings to create total physical activity…”

A correction has been made to Results, paragraph 2. This sentence previously stated:

“For positive affect, the effect sizes ranged from 0.05 to 0.10 and the confidence intervals 0.01–0.13. Negative affect and depressive symptoms showed similar effect sizes and confidence intervals; negative affect:−0.06 to−0.09 (standardized beta) and−0.02 to−0.13 (confidence intervals) and depressive symptoms:−0.07 to−0.11 (standardized beta) and−0.03 to−0.15 (confidence intervals).”

The corrected sentence appears below:

“For positive affect, the effect sizes ranged from 0.03 to 0.08 and the confidence intervals 0.00–0.12. Negative affect and depressive symptoms showed similar effect sizes and confidence intervals; negative affect:−0.05 to−0.08 (standardized beta) and −0.01 to −0.12 (confidence intervals) and depressive symptoms: −0.06 to −0.11 (standardized beta) and −0.02 to −0.15 (confidence intervals).”

A correction has been made to Results, paragraph 3. These sentences previously stated:

“The effects of physical activity on positive affect increased during the 180 min before the mood rating, they were the lowest in the 180–150 min before the mood rating (β = 0.06, CI [0.00, 0.12]) and the largest in the 30 min before the mood rating (β = 0.17, CI [0.12, 0.23]).”

“Significant interactions were observed for physical activity measured 30–0 min before the mood rating predicted positive affect (β = 0.13, CI [0.06, 0.21]) with stronger associations in participants with higher baseline levels of depressive symptoms (Supplementary Table 4; Figure 1).”

The corrected sentence appears below:

“The effects of physical activity on positive affect increased during the 180 min before the mood rating, they were the lowest in the 180–150 min before the mood rating (β = 0.04, CI [−0.02, 0.10]) and the largest in the 30 min before the mood rating (β = 0.15, CI [0.10, 0.21]).”

“Significant interactions were observed for physical activity measured 30–0 min before the mood rating predicted positive affect (β = 0.12, CI [0.05, 0.19]) with stronger associations in participants with higher baseline levels of depressive symptoms (Supplementary Table 4; Figure 1).”

A correction has been made to Results, paragraph 4. This sentence previously stated:

“The associations of positive affect (β = 0.13, CI [0.08, 0.19], p < 0.001), negative affect (β = −0.10, CI [-0.16,−0.04], p = 0.001), and depressive symptoms (β = −0.13, CI [-0.19,−0.07], p < 0.001) with physical activity measured 0–30 min after the mood rating were significant in the group with higher baseline levels of depressive symptoms but they were not significant in the group with lower levels of depressive symptoms (Figures 1F–H).”

The corrected sentence appears below:

“The associations of positive affect (β = 0.12, CI [0.06, 0.18], p < 0.001), negative affect (β = −0.09, CI [−0.15, −0.03], p = 0.004), and depressive symptoms (β = −0.12, CI [−0.18, −0.06], p < 0.001) with physical activity measured 0–30 min after the mood rating were significant in the group with higher baseline levels of depressive symptoms but they were not significant in the group with lower levels of depressive symptoms (Figures 1F–H).”

A correction has been made to Results, Exploratory analysis, paragraph 1. These sentences previously stated:

“Applying the isotemporal substitution model (Figure 2 and Supplementary Tables 5, 6), LPA measured 90–60 min before the mood ratings significantly predicted positive affect (b = 0.01, CI [0.00, 0.02], p = 0.009), negative affect (b = −0.01, CI [-0.02, 0.00], p = 0.005) and depressive symptoms (b = −0.02, CI [-0.03,−0.01], p = 0.003). MVPA measured 30–0 min before the mood rating significantly predicted positive affect (b = 0.01, CI [0.00, 0.02], p = 0.006) and depressive symptoms (b = −0.01, CI [-0.02, 0.00], p = 0.006).”

The corrected sentence appears below:

“Applying the isotemporal substitution model (Figure 2; Supplementary Tables 5, 6), LPA measured 90–60 min before the mood ratings significantly predicted negative affect (b = −0.02, CI [−0.03, −0.01], p = 0.003) and depressive symptoms (b = −0.02, CI [−0.03, −0.01], p = 0.001).”

A correction has been made to Discussion, paragraph 1. These sentences previously stated:

“The size of the association appeared to be relatively constant for physical activity across the 180 min before the mood rating (0.05–0.10,−0.06 to−0.09, and−0.07 to−0.11 for positive affect, negative affect, and depressive symptoms, respectively).”

“Moreover, exploratory analyses using isotemporal substitution approach showed that there were associations of both MVPA and LPA with subsequent levels of positive affect, negative affect and depressive symptoms, but we did not detect stronger effects of MVPA compared to LPA on average nor a meaningful temporal pattern of the effects over the 180 min before the mood rating, which suggests that both MVPA and LPA might both have positive effects on mood.”

The corrected sentences appear below:

“The size of the association appeared to be relatively constant for physical activity across the 180 min before the mood rating (0.03 to 0.08, −0.05 to −0.08, and −0.06 to −0.11 for positive affect, negative affect, and depressive symptoms, respectively).”

“Moreover, exploratory analyses using isotemporal substitution approach showed that there were associations of LPA with subsequent levels of negative affect and depressive symptoms, but we did not detect a meaningful temporal pattern of the effects over the 180 min before the mood rating, which suggests that LPA might have a positive effect on mood.”

The authors apologize for these errors and state that these do not change the scientific conclusions of the article in a substantial manner. However, the significant associations between light physical activity (LPA) measured 90–60 min before the mood ratings and positive affect and between moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measured 30–0 min before the mood ratings and positive affect and depressive symptoms were no longer significant. The original article has been updated.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author SL declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.

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