Front. Pharmacol. Frontiers in Pharmacology Front. Pharmacol. 1663-9812 Frontiers Media S.A. 1656368 10.3389/fphar.2025.1656368 Pharmacology Correction Correction: Respiratory virus-induced bacterial dysregulation in pediatric airway tissue and the dual actions of Echinacea in reducing complications Vimalanathan et al. 10.3389/fphar.2025.1656368 Vimalanathan Selvarani 1 * Sreya Mahfuza 2 Nandanavanam Ranganayaki 3 Schoop Roland 4 Gancitano Giuseppe 5 Saberi Saba 1 Malikovskaia Anna 1 Hudson James 1 1 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada 2 Women+ and Children’s Health Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada 3 Applied Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada 4 Medical Department, A.Vogel AG, Roggwil, Switzerland 5 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

Edited and Reviewed by: Saravana Kumar Pachaiyappan, Westlake University, China

 *Correspondence: Selvarani Vimalanathan, selvarani.vimalanathan@ubc.ca 07 08 2025 2025 16 1656368 30 06 2025 29 07 2025 Copyright © 2025 Vimalanathan, Sreya, Nandanavanam, Schoop, Gancitano, Saberi, Malikovskaia and Hudson. 2025 Vimalanathan, Sreya, Nandanavanam, Schoop, Gancitano, Saberi, Malikovskaia and Hudson

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 A Correction on Respiratory virus-induced bacterial dysregulation in pediatric airway tissue and the dual actions of Echinacea in reducing complications by Vimalanathan S, Sreya M, Nandanavanam R, Schoop R, Gancitano G, Saberi S, Malikovskaia A and Hudson J (2025). Front. Pharmacol. 16:1579551. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1579551 pediatrics EpiAirway viral-bacterial superinfections Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae type b respiratory syncytial virus human parainfluenza virus type 3 rhinovirus Echinacea purpurea section-at-acceptance Ethnopharmacology

In the published article, there were errors in Figures 1, 2 as published. The figures were truncated on one side, displaying only part of the images. The corrected Figures 1, 2 and their captions appear below.

Efficacy of Echinaforce in reducing RSV-induced S. pneumoniae adhesion in pediatric EpiAirway tissue. (A) EpiAirway tissues cultured in an air-liquid interface (ALI) were stained with anti-S. pneumoniae antibody (green) and DAPI for nuclei, visualized at ×20 magnification. Representative images are shown for the following conditions: (A) Vehicle Control + S. pneumoniae, (B) RSV + S. pneumoniae, (C) RSV + EF 1:200 + S. pneumoniae, and (D) RSV + EF 1:400 + S. pneumoniae. (B) Bar chart shows S. pneumoniae adhesion under different conditions: uninfected tissue (infected with S. pneumoniae but not RSV), RSV-infected, and RSV-infected tissues treated with Echinaforce® (EF) at 1:200 and 1:400 dilutions. Data represent ALI-cultured EpiAirway tissues, with statistical significance indicated (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01) ns = not significant.

Fluorescent microscopy images of cellular structures in blue and green. Panels A and C show dense blue oval shapes above a continuous green band, while Panels B and D show similar structures with variations in cell density and distribution.

Efficacy of Echinaforce in reducing RSV-induced Hib adhesion in pediatric EpiAirway tissue. (A) EpiAirway tissues cultured in an air-liquid interface (ALI) were stained with anti-Hib antibody (green) and DAPI for nuclei, visualized at ×20 magnification. Representative images are shown for the following conditions: (A) Vehicle Control + Hib, (B) RSV + Hib, (C) RSV + EF 1:200 + Hib, and (D) RSV + EF 1:400 + Hib. (B) Bar chart shows Hib adhesion under different conditions: uninfected tissue (infected with Hib but not RSV), RSV-infected, and RSV-infected tissues treated with EF at 1:200 and 1:400 dilutions. Statistical significance is indicated p < 0.05 (*), ns = not significant.

Fluorescent microscopy images showing four panels labeled A, B, C, and D. Each panel displays blue-stained cells and red markers against a black background. The scale bar indicates a size of fifty micrometers.

The original version of this article has been updated.

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