Front. Pharmacol.Frontiers in PharmacologyFront. Pharmacol.1663-9812Frontiers Media S.A.108897310.3389/fphar.2022.1088973PharmacologyCorrectionCorrigendum: Vaccine safety surveillance using routinely collected healthcare data—An empirical evaluation of epidemiological designsSchuemie et al.10.3389/fphar.2022.1088973SchuemieMartijn J.123*ArshadFaaizah13PrattNicole4NybergFredrik5AlshammariThamir M6HripcsakGeorge17RyanPatrick127Prieto-AlhambraDaniel89LaiLana Y. H.10LiXintong11FortinStephen2MintyEvan10SuchardMarc A.13121Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics, New York, NY, United States2Observational Health Data Analytics, Janssen R&D, Titusville, NJ, United States3Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States4Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia5School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden6College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia7Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States8Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom9Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands10O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada11Division of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom12Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Edited and reviewed by:Carlos Alves, University of Coimbra, Portugal
*Correspondence: Martijn J. Schuemie, schuemie@ohdsi.org
This article was submitted to Pharmacoepidemiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology
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A Corrigendum on Vaccine safety surveillance using routinely collected healthcare data—An empirical evaluation of epidemiological designs by Schuemie MJ, Arshad F, Pratt N, Nyberg F, Alshammari TM, Hripcsak G, Ryan P, Prieto-Alhambra D, Lai LYH, Li X, Fortin S, Minty E and Suchard MA (2022). Front. Pharmacol. 13:893484. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.893484vaccine safelyroutinely collected dataadverse eventsurveillancemethods
In the published article, there was an error in Figure 4 and Figure 5 as published. After publication, the authors found that the positive control imputation multiplication was accidentally applied twice, meaning the intended multiplication of 1.25, 2, and 4 actually were 1.252 = 1.5625, 22 = 4, and 42 = 16, respectively. This means the type 2 error in Figure 4 and the time to 50% sensitivity in Figure 5 were underestimated. The corrected Figure 4 and Figure 5 appear below.
Type 1 and 2 error before and after empirical calibration. For each method variation and vaccine group, the type 1 and 2 error before and after empirical calibration in the Optum EHR database are shown. The x-axis indicates the type 1 error (higher values to the left) and type 2 error (higher values to the right), based on the (calibrated) one-sided p-value. The dashed line indicates nominal type 1 error of 5%. HPV = Human papillomavirus, PS = Propensity Score, SCCS = Self-Controlled Case Series, SCRI = Self-Controlled Risk Interval, TaR = Time-at-Risk.
Time to 50% sensitivity after calibration. For each method variation and vaccine group, the number of months of data needed to achieve 50% sensitivity based on the calibrated MaxSPRT in the Optum EHR database are shown, stratified by true effect size of the positive controls. HPV = Human papillomavirus, PS = Propensity Score, SCCS = Self-Controlled Case Series, SCRI = Self-Controlled Risk Interval, TaR = Time-at-Risk.
In the published article the same error was present in the Supplementary Material. This means the type 2 error and the time to 50% sensitivity were underestimated. The correct Supplementary Data Sheet S1 can be found in the Supplementary Materials.
The authors apologize for these errors and state that they does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
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Supplementary material
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.1088973/full#supplementary-material