AUTHOR=Dianasari  , ‘Aissy Chamelia Rohadatul , Javier R. Mohamad , Nativity Gabriela , Ahyandi Syarif Syamsi , Amiralevi Siti Hani , Putra Arlond Faisal Gani , Sari Khomariyana Purnama , Riandata Mohammad Reza , Putra Crysciando Jefryco , Prathama Christopher Bryant , Thiono Fellicia Raphaela , Hutasoit Januar Ishak , Setiyadi Didik , Faiyq Aflah Al , Arifin Andika Prasetyo , Kris Firmantya Tei Seran Bernadetha Kusuma , Panahatan David , Setiawan Muhammad Abni , Rifani Fairuz , Ferdian Afif , Regina Kenty , Dania  , Farabi Fatih , Caecarma Georaldhy Yussufy , Wiryaputra Jonathan Alvin , Yasyfin Auliya Yudia , Irfani Fanada M. Izdad , Safitri Laksmitha Saktiono , Albab Chabib Fachry , Adnani Basyar , Hidayat Muhammad Rizky , Rahmaputri Maghfira Dwivani , Sutarsa Trivena , Octavia Leony , Andita Meliani Fransiska , Phastika Harsya Parma , Tanaka Johannes , Sekarsari Dewi , Dewi Laras Sati Dita Ayu , Ramabuana Musthofa Chandra , Simbolon Rilianda , Fazrian Danu M. Rizki , Rachman Aulia , Agfata Fachira Rachel , Palyama Stefany , Yogatama Putra Andra Purwanto , Mamanta Sitepu Abraham Emzura , Fibullah Restiko Maleo , Maulidiah Adistia , Syifa Aulia , Indrasto Subandono Bambang , Alim Abdul , Sukmawan Renan , Rachmanto  , Asylia Anastasia , Nufus Hayatun , Chandrawati Pertiwi Febriana , Prasetyo Aan Dwi , Sutanto Lucky , Sander Moch. Aleq 

TITLE=Influence of gestational history on neural tube defects and Eisenmenger syndrome: associations with intellectual disability and visual impairment in children and adults – a systematic review

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pediatrics

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1522839

DOI=10.3389/fped.2025.1522839

ISSN=2296-2360

ABSTRACT=The period between conception and childbirth is known as gestational time. The condition of the baby can be affected by processes involved in pregnancy and delivery. History of diabetes and obesity during pregnancy has been proven to increase the risk of Eisenmenger Syndrome and Neural Tube Defect. Eisenmenger Syndrome is a congenital heart anomaly. Congenital heart disease, leading to circulation problems, includes issues with the iris stromal blood vessels, a characteristic feature of Eisenmenger syndrome. The dilation of iris stromal blood vessels due to this issue may lead to visual impairment/disorders. Additionally, individuals with Down syndrome and other forms of mental disorders suffer from congenital heart diseases. To analyze the influence of gestational history on the occurrence of neural tube defects and Eisenmenger syndrome, accompanied by intellectual disability and visual impairment in children and adults. A systematic review in this study was constructed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) technique. This approach ensures that all stages and research procedures are systematically followed. A total of 2,327 results were obtained after collecting sources from Google Scholar and articles published between 2018 and 2023 were filtered with defined inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure appropriate study selection. The classification of the number of Scopus-indexed journals is as follows: the number of Q2 Scopus-indexed journals is 5, with a total of five journals taken and used as references for systematic observational research. Gestational history significantly influences the occurrence of neural tube defects and Eisenmenger syndrome, accompanied by intellectual disability and visual impairment in children and adults.