AUTHOR=Zhao Wenjuan , Chen Yang , Xie Yuangzhong , Nie Shengdong , Han Baosan , Jiang Yue , Li Xiujuan 
  
TITLE=Multi-task learning for predicting pulmonary nodule growth and follow-up volume
  
JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology
  
VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2026
  
YEAR=2026
  
URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2026.1677521
  
DOI=10.3389/fonc.2026.1677521
  
ISSN=2234-943X
  
ABSTRACT=HypothesisThe primary objective of this study is to develop an end-to-end deep learning framework based on multi-task learning to predict pulmonary nodule growth by jointly modeling nodule segmentation and visual follow-up image synthesis. By decoupling nodule growth into deformation and texture evolution, the model aims to enhance predictive accuracy and clinical applicability through improved regional focus and deep supervision strategies.MethodsWe present MT-NoGNet, a dual-task network for pulmonary nodule growth prediction via simultaneous deformation-texture modeling. The framework employs a shared encoder with two decoders: a spatial transformer for volume change estimation and a texture predictor with adaptive normalization. A cross-task attention mechanism enforces consistency between morphological expansion and internal density evolution.ResultsEvaluated on longitudinal CT scans from 246 patients at Shanghai Chest Hospital, the framework achieved that the predicted peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) was 44.30, structural similarity index (SSIM) was 0.7776, and dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was 0.7823.ConclusionsThis study establishes that multi-task learning model of deformation-texture features significantly enhances pulmonary nodule growth prediction accuracy while providing radiologists with interpretable visualizations of progression patterns, demonstrating substantial potential for optimizing clinical surveillance protocols.