A flow-chart of MR study to explore the causal relationship between lipid and multiple myeloma.
Edited and Reviewed by: Alessandro Isidori, AORMN Hospital, Italy
*Correspondence: Mingfeng Xiao,
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
In the published article, there was an error in the article title. Instead of “Liposomes have a direct effect on multiple myeloma: A Mendelian randomization study”, it should be “Lipid have a direct effect on multiple myeloma: A Mendelian randomization study”.
In the published article, there was an error in the legend for
A flow-chart of MR study to explore the causal relationship between lipid and multiple myeloma.
The effect of various lipid on multiple myeloma.
The causal effect of six plasma lipid on MM risk; GCST90277317: Phosphatidylcholine (18:2_20:4) levels; GCST90277247: Sterol ester (27:1/18:3) levels; GCST90277344: Phosphatidylcholine (O-18:2_20:4); GCST90277348: Phosphatidylethanolamine (18:0_20:4); GCST90277358: Phosphatidylinositol (16:0_18:1) levels; GCST90277410: Triacylglycerol (56:4) levels.
The funnel plot of the causal effect of six plasma lipid on MM risk. It’s almost symmetrical on both sides, which indicated no significant heterogeneity between the effect estimates of the IVs in both the IVW method and MR-Egger method.
Leave-one-out analysis of the causal association between six lipid and MM. The exclusion of individual SNPs did not result in substantial differences in the combined effect estimates between the remaining SNPs and the overall results.
The reverse MR analysis of MM on six plasma lipid.
Results of multiplicity and sensitivity analyses of six lipid.
| Description |
MR-Egger | MR-heterogeneity | MR-pleiotropy | MR-PRESSO_Global | Power | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95%Cl) | p-value | Cochran’s Q | p-value | intercept | p-value | RSS | p-value | ||
| Phosphatidylethanolamine (18:0_20:4) | 0.48 (0.22-1.03) | 0.08 | 13 | 0.978 | 0.055 | 0.345 | 5.740 | 0.96 | 1.00 |
| Phosphatidylcholine (18:2_20:4) | 0.89 (0.44-1.82) | 0.76 | 21 | 0.985 | -0.035 | 0.435 | 10.350 | 0.97 | 0.99 |
| Phosphatidylinositol (16:0_18:1) | 0.69 (0.32-1.46) | 0.35 | 13 | 0.897 | 0.005 | 0.932 | 8.073 | 0.89 | 1.00 |
| Sterol ester (27:1/18:3) | 0.73 (0.46-1.18) | 0.22 | 15 | 0.974 | 0.008 | 0.897 | 6.789 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
| Triacylglycerol (56:4) | 2.12 (0.65-6.88) | 0.26 | 7 | 0.571 | -0.025 | 0.755 | 7.464 | 0.60 | 0.84 |
| Phosphatidylcholine (O−18:2_20:4) | 0.83 (0.29-2.34) | 0.73 | 12 | 0.802 | 0.073 | 0.312 | 9.457 | 0.77 | 0.91 |
“Figure 2 A flow-chart of MR study to explore the causal relationship between lipid and multiple myeloma.”
“Figure 3 The effect of various lipid on multiple myeloma.”
“Figure 4 The causal effect of six plasma lipid on MM risk; GCST90277317: Phosphatidylcholine (18:2_20:4) levels; GCST90277247: Sterol ester (27:1/18:3) levels; GCST90277344: Phosphatidylcholine (O-18:2_20:4); GCST90277348: Phosphatidylethanolamine (18:0_20:4); GCST90277358: Phosphatidylinositol (16:0_18:1) levels; GCST90277410: Triacylglycerol (56:4) levels.”
“Figure 5 The funnel plot of the causal effect of six plasma lipid on MM risk. It’s almost symmetrical on both sides, which indicated no significant heterogeneity between the effect estimates of the IVs in both the IVW method and MR-Egger method.”
“Figure 6 Leave-one-out analysis of the causal association between six lipid and MM.”
“Figure 7 The reverse MR analysis of MM on six plasma lipid.”
“
In the published article, there was an error in
In the published article, the reference for 7-11 which discuss “liposomes” was fully relevant to “lipid” It should be removed.
In the published article, there was an error. The term “liposomes” is commonly associated with lipid-based drug delivery systems. In our study, we used it to describe the lipid profile in plasma and its potential impact on disease mechanisms.
A correction has been made to
“liposomes”
The corrected sentence appears below:
“lipid”
A correction has been made to
“Liposomes, artificial bimolecular membranes composed primarily of phospholipids and cholesterol, are endogenous substances inherent to living organisms. Their compatibility with biological tissues and non-immunogenic nature makes them an ideal medium for drug delivery. As a nanoscale drug delivery system, liposomes have garnered interest for their capacity to encapsulate drugs effectively, optimizing their distribution within the body, enhancing targeting precision, and minimizing toxic side effects. In the realm of MM therapy, liposome technology emerges as a promising avenue for developing targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing treatment efficacy while reducing drug-induced toxicity (10, 11). Recent investigations suggest a significant role for specific human serum liposome components in MM pathogenesis.”
The corrected sentence appears below:
“Recent investigations suggest a significant role for specific human serum lipid components in MM pathogenesis.”
The authors apologize for these errors and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.