AUTHOR=Zhao Hai Na , Yin Hao , Liu Jing Yan , Song Lin Lin , Peng Yu Lan , Ma Bu Yun 

TITLE=Deep learning-assisted ultrasonic diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis of thyroid cancer: a retrospective study of 3059 patients

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=Volume 14 - 2024

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2024.1204987

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2024.1204987

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=This study aimed to develop a deep learning system to identify and differentiate the metastatic cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) of thyroid cancer.From January 2014 to December 2020, 3059 consecutive patients with suspected with metastatic CLNs of thyroid cancer were retrospectively enrolled in this study. All CLNs were confirmed by fine needle aspiration. The patients were randomly divided into the training (1228 benign and 1284 metastatic CLNs) and test (307 benign and 240 metastatic CLNs) groups. Grayscale ultrasonic images were used to develop and test the performance of the Y-Net deep learning model. We used the Y-Net network model to segment and differentiate the lymph nodes. The Dice coefficient was used to evaluate the segmentation efficiency. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were used to evaluate the classification efficiency.In the test set, the median Dice coefficient was 0.832. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV were 57.25%, 87.08%, 72.03%, 81.87%, and 66.67%, respectively. We also used the Y-Net classified branch to evaluate the classification efficiency of the LNs ultrasonic images. The classification branch model had