AUTHOR=Hardinsyah Hardinsyah , Rahmawati Rahmawati , Sulaeman Ahmad , Nurkolis Fahrul 

TITLE=A blueprint for vitamin D fortification in sugar: stability and health impact

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1671785

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2025.1671785

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=Vitamin D deficiency is a global health concern, and fortifying widely consumed staples offers a scalable solution. Granulated sugar, accessible across socio-economic groups, shows promise as a novel vehicle for cholecalciferol delivery. Evidence indicates that vitamin D3 stability can be maintained through encapsulation and protective packaging, with over 90% potency retained under proper storage. Fortified sugar demonstrates good bioavailability, achieving absorption comparable to dairy products, and could increase serum 25(OH)D by 10–20 nmol/L at the population level. While offering low-cost impact, fortification requires careful dosing, quality control, and public education to mitigate risks of hypervitaminosis and prevent misperceptions that sugar itself is a health food.