AUTHOR=Chen Xiaozhi , Chen Lei , Yang Xinyue , Zhang Zhiqiang 

TITLE=Global burden of ischemic heart disease due to omega-3 deficiency: 204-country analysis, 1990–2021

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1658775

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2025.1658775

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=AimThis study evaluates the global burden, trends, and dietary risk factors of ischemic heart disease (IHD) from 1990 to 2021, focusing on socioeconomic and demographic variations.MethodsThe study analyzed IHD-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized rates (ASR), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), and fatality counts. Temporal trends were assessed using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). Dietary risk factors, such as seafood omega-3 fatty acid deficiency, were evaluated in relation to the socio-demographic index (SDI).ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, DALY rates and fatalities from IHD increased globally. Omega-3 fatty acid deficiencies were identified as a significant contributor. ASMR and age-standardized death rates (ASDR) rose most notably in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Countries with lower SDI levels faced a higher IHD burden. National trends varied, with adverse correlations between IHD burden and SDI primarily linked to dietary risks.ConclusionDeficiencies in omega-3 fatty acids and other dietary risks are key factors driving global IHD patterns. Public health strategies to improve diet, particularly in low- and middle-SDI regions, are essential to reducing the IHD burden.