AUTHOR=Kim Hakjoo , Lei Yuming , Bao Shancheng , Huynh Angelina T. , Buchanan John J. , Bernard Jessica A. , Brown Joshua C. , Wright David L. 

TITLE=Connectivity between supplementary motor complex and primary motor cortex: a dual-coil paired-pulse TMS study

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neurology

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1628204

DOI=10.3389/fneur.2025.1628204

ISSN=1664-2295

ABSTRACT=Dual-coil paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (ppTMS) has garnered interest for its potential in elucidating neural circuit dynamics. In this study, the dual-coil ppTMS was utilized to assess the effective connectivity between the supplementary motor complex (SMC) and the primary motor cortex (M1) in humans. A robust facilitatory connection between the SMC and M1 was observed, manifested as a 19% increase in mean peak-to-peak motor-evoked potentials following conditioning of SMC 7 ms prior to M1 stimulation. Importantly, the facilitatory influence of SMC was found in subjects who received conditioning stimulation 4 cm anterior to Cz, but not in those stimulated at 5 cm, 6 cm, or 7 cm. While previous work has focused on demonstrating important temporal dynamics for SMC-M1 plasticity, the present findings highlight a critical contribution of spatial specificity for the modulation of SMC-M1 circuitry.