Etymology: the specific epithet cylindricum refers to the cell morphology of the type strain.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are cylindrical, 1.5–3.5 × 6.5–14.0 μm and single, a sediment is produced, budding is polar (Figure 7A). After 1 month at 17°C, a sediment and a film are formed. The streak culture is smooth, dull, whitish-cream, butyrous, and has an entire margin after 1 month at 17°C on YM agar. Pseudohyphae are absent in Dalmau plate culture on corn meal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Yeast Mold (YM), CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are not observed.

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, trehalose, melibiose, raffinose, melezitose, soluble starch, D-ribose, D-xylose, L-rhamnose, α-Methyl-D-glucoside, salicin, succinic acid, and inositol are assimilated. L-sorbose, lactose, inulin, D-arabinose, L-arabinose, D-glucosamine, N-Acetyl-D-glucosmine, ethanol, glycerol, D-mannitol, D-glucitol, methanol, erythritol, ribitol, galactitol, D-glueonale, DL-lactic acid, citric acid, and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate and L-lysine are assimilated. Potassium nitrate, sodium nitrite, ethylamine, and cadaverine are not assimilated. Maximum growth temperature is 30°C. Growth does occur in a vitamin-free medium. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar. Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Typus: China, Tibet, obtained from a leaf of an unidentified plant, Oct. 2007, Qi-Ming Wang, holotype CGMCC 2. 3756^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), Beijing, China. Ex-type CBS 15755 is deposited at the CBS collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands. Kunming county, Yunnan province, obtained from a leaf of an unidentified plant, May. 2007, Qi-Ming Wang, paratype CGMCC 2.3576.

Note: S. arthraxonis, S. ophiuri, S. fastigiatum, S. reilianum, S. lacrymae-jobi, and S. pseudechinolaenae are all parasitized on Poaceae. The two yeasts, CGMCC 2.3576 and CGMCC 2.3756, also isolated from leaves of the plant. Unfortunately, those plants were not identified. Except the worldwide distributed S. reilianum, the above five parasitic species mostly occur in the tropic region including southern China and Southeast Asia (Vánky, 2012). The two strains of S. cylindricum, CGMCC 2.3576 and CGMCC 2.3756, were isolated from the plant leaf collected in Yunan province (southern China) and Hanan province (southern China), respectively, which indicated that they have similar ecological and biogeographical characters to those parasitic species.

Etymology: the specific epithet hebeiensis refers to the geography from which the type strain was isolated.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are cylindrical, 1.7–3.0 × 5.8–10.0 μm, and single or in pairs, a sediment is produced, budding is polar (Figure 7B). After 1 month at 17°C, a sediment and an incomplete ring are produced. The streak culture is smooth, gloomy, yellowish-cream, butyrous, and has an entire margin after 1 month at 17°C on YM agar. Pseudohyphae are formed in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on PDA, YM, CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are not observed.

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, trehalose, lactose (latent and weak), raffinose (weak), melezitose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, D-arabinose (weak), D-ribose (weak), D-glucosamine, ethanol, glycerol, ribitol, D-mannitol, D-glucitol, α-Methyl-D-glucoside, salicin (weak), succinic acid and citric acid are assimilated. L-sorbose, melibiose, inulin, soluble starch, L-rhamnose, methanol, erythritol, galactitol, DL-lactic acid, inositol, and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrite, L-lysine (weak), and ethylamine (latent and weak) are assimilated. Cadaverine is not assimilated. Optimal growth is at 17–25°C. Growth does occur in a vitamin-free medium. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar. Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Physiologically, K. hebeiensis differs from its closely related species, K. brasiliensis and K. vetiver, in its inability to assimilate L-sorbose and inositol (Table 2).

Typus: China, Hebei province, obtained from a leaf of an unidentified plant, October 2007, Qi-Ming Wang, holotype CGMCC 2.3457^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the CGMCC, Beijing, China. Ex-type CBS 15483 is deposited at the CBS collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Note: K. brasiliensis was isolated from the intestinal tract of chrysomelid larva associated with roots of Saccharum in Brazil (Oliveira et al., 2014). K. fusiformata was obtained from a barley leaf and from cauliflower (Boekhout, 2011). K. vetiveriae was isolated from phylloplane of Vetiveria zizanioides in Thailand. CGMCC 2.3457 was isolated from the plant. The host-substratum data indicated that species of Kalmanozyma are associated with the plant.

Langdonia walkerae was described by Alqurashi et al. (2021) based on a sexual stage. A yeast strain, CGMCC 2. 4680, isolated from a leaf of an unidentified plant, collected in September 2012 in China has 99.6% sequence similarity to L. walkerae in the ITS region, which indicated they belong to the same species. Here we described the yeast morphological and physiological characters as the asexual state of L. walkerae.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are fusiformis, long ovoid, and cylindrical, 1.1–2.5 × 3.5–11.8 μm and single, a sediment is produced, and budding is polar (Figure 7C). After 1 month at 17°C, a sediment and a film are produced. The streak culture is pale, yellowish-brown, flat, butyrous, glossy, slightly granulate, and has an entire margin after 1 month at 17°C on YM agar. Pseudohyphae are formed in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on PDA, YM, CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are not observed.

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, sucrose, cellobiose (weak), trehalose (weak), lactose (weak), raffinose (weak), melezitose (weak), inulin (weak), soluble starch (weak), D-xylose, L-arabinose, D-mannitol (weak), and succinic acid (weak) are assimilated. Galactose, L-sorbose, maltose, melibiose, D-arabinose, D-ribose, L-rhamnose, D-glucosamine, N-Acetyl-D-glucosmine, methanol, ethanol, glycerol, erythritol, ribitol, galactitol, D-glucitol, α-Methyl-D-glucoside, salicin, DL-lactic acid, citric acid, myo-inositol, and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrite, L-lysine, ethylamine, and cadaverine are assimilated. Optimal growth is at 17–25°C. Growth does not occur in vitamin-free medium. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Physiologically, L. walkerae differs from its closely related species, L. jejuensis, and L. ligulariae, in its inability to assimilate maltose and its ability to assimilate succinic acid (Table 2).

Etymology: the specific epithet, ligulariae, refers to Ligularia, the plant genus from which the type strain was isolated.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are cylindrical to elongate, 1.5–2.7 × 4.0–12.0 μm and single, a sediment is produced, and budding is polar (Figure 7D). After 1 month at 17°C, a sediment and a ring are produced. The streak culture is yellowish-brown, flat, butyrous, arachnoid, and has an entire margin after 1 month at 17°C on YM agar. Pseudohyphae or hyphae are formed in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on PDA, YM, CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are not observed.

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, trehalose, raffinose, melezitose, inulin (weak), soluble starch (weak), D-xylose, L-arabinose, ethanol, glycerol, ribitol, D-mannitol, α-Methyl-D-glucoside, and inositol (weak) are assimilated. Galactose, L-sorbose, lactose, melibiose, D-arabinose, D-ribose, L-rhamnose, D-glucosamine, N-Acetyl-D-glucosmine, methanol, erythritol, galactitol, D-glucitol, salicin, DL-lactic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrite (weak), L-lysine, ethylamine, and cadaverine are assimilated. Optimal growth is at 17–25°C. Growth does occur in the vitamin-free medium. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Physiologically, L. ligulariae differs from its closely related species, L. walkerae and L. jejuensis, in its inability to assimilate lactose and its ability to use ethanol, glycerol, ribitol, and α-Methyl-D-glucoside (Table 2).

Typus: China, Tibet, obtained from a leaf of Ligularia tsangchanensis, September 2012, Qi-Ming Wang, holotype CGMCC 2. 6313^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the CGMCC, Beijing, China. Ex-type CBS 15581 is deposited at the CBS collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Note: All sexual Langdonia species infected the plant of Aristida (Poaceae). The asexual yeast species L. jejuensis was isolated from a leaf of Citrus unshiu (Rutaceae) in South Korea. CGMCC 2.6313 was isolated from a leaf of Ligularia tsangchanensis (Asteraceae) in Tibet, China. Although CGMCC 2.6313 and L. jejuensis were all isolated from the leaf of plant (Asteraceae and Rutaceae), they differ from the parasitic species of Langdonia whose host is the Poaceae grass, which indicated that the asexual yeast stage and the sexual stage of Langdonia may have different ecological inches in nature.

Etymology: the specific epithet plantarum refers to the substrates from which the type strain was isolated.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are fusiform and cylindrical to elongate, 1.7–2.1 × 4.2–28.3 μm and single, a sediment is produced, and budding is polar (Figure 7E). After 1 month at 17°C, a sediment a film and are produced. On YM agar, after 1 month at 17°C, the colonies are firm to tough, whitish at first before becoming pale yellowish-brown with a velvety to the pruinose surface, and the margin is eroded. Hyphae are formed in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on PDA, YM, CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are not observed.

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, trehalose, melibiose, raffinose, melezitose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, D-ribose, erythritol, galactitol (variable), D-mannitol, D-glucitol, salicin (latent and weak), and succinic acid (latent and weak) are assimilated. L-sorbose, lactose, inulin, soluble starch, D-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-glucosamine, methanol, ethanol, glycerol, ribitol, α-Methyl-D-glucoside, DL-lactic acid, citric acid, inositol, and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrite, ethylamine, and cadaverine (latent) are assimilated. L-lysine (or latent and weak) is not assimilated. Optimal growth is at 17–25°C. Growth does occur in the vitamin-free medium. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Physiologically, M. plantarum differs from its closely related species, M. nashicola and M. pileae, in its inability to assimilate D-arabinose (Table 2).

Typus: China, Fuzhou county, Fujian province, obtained from a leaf of an unidentified plant, Oct. 2011, Qi-Ming Wang, holotype CGMCC 2.4430^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the CGMCC, Beijing, China. Ex-type CBS 12491 is deposited at the CBS collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands. Fuzhou county, Fujian province, obtained from a leaf of an unidentified plant, October 2011, Qi-Ming Wang, paratypes CGMCC 2.4431 and CGMCC 2.4432. Beibengxiang, Motuo county, Tibet, obtained from a leaf of an unidentified plant, September 2014, Qi-Ming Wang, paratype CGMCC 2.6306.

Etymology: the specific epithet pileae refers to Pilea, the plant genus from which the type strain was isolated.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are cylindrical to elongate, 1.3–2.3 × 5.0–25.0 μm and single, a sediment is produced, budding is polar, hyphae are narrow, and 1.2–2.5 μm (Figure 7F). After 1 month at 17°C, a film and a sediment are produced. On YM agar, after 1 month at 17°C, the colonies are firm to tough with a whitish velvety to the pruinose surface, dull, and the margin is eroded. Hyphae are formed in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on PDA, YM, CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are fusiform or cylindrical (1.0–2.1 × 6.7–12.5 μm; Figure 7G).

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, trehalose, melibiose, inulin, raffinose, melezitose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, D-arabinose (weak), ethanol (weak), glycerol (weak), ribose (weak), erythritol (weak), D-mannitol (weak), D-glucitol (weak), salicin, and succinic acid (latent and weak) are assimilated. L-sorbose, lactose, galactitol, soluble starch, L-rhamnose, D-glucosamine, methanol, α-Methyl-D-glucoside, D-glueonale, DL-lactic acid, citric acid, inositol, and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrite, L-lysine, ethylamine, and cadaverine are assimilated. Optimal growth is at 17–25°C. Growth does occur in the vitamin-free medium. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Physiologically, Me. pileae differs from its closely related species, Me. nashicola and Me. Plantarum, in its ability to assimilate inulin (Table 2).

Typus: China, Beibengxiang, Motuo county, Tibet, obtained from a leaf of Pilea sp., September 2014, Qi-Ming Wang, holotype CGMCC 2.6305^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the CGMCC, Beijing, China. Ex-type CBS 144915 is deposited at the CBS collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Etymology: the specific epithet hainanensis refers to the geographic origin of the type strain, Hainan province, China.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are fusiform and cylindrical to elongate, 1.0–1.7 × 6.7–20.0 μm and single, a sediment is produced, budding is polar, hyphae are narrow (1.2–2.5 μm; Figure 7H). After 1 month at 17°C, a thick film and a sediment are produced. The colonies are firm to tough, whitish at first, before becoming pale yellowish-brown with the farinose surface, and the margin is eroded after 1 month at 17°C on YM agar. Hyphae are formed in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on PDA, YM, CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are not observed.

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, trehalose, melibiose, raffinose, melezitose, inulin, soluble starch, D-xylose, L-arabinose, D-arabinose, D-ribose, ethanol, glycerol (weak), erythritol, ribitol (latent and weak), galactitol, D-mannitol, D-glucitol, and succinic acid (weak) are assimilated. L-sorbose, lactose, L-rhamnose, D-glucosamine, methanol, α-Methyl-D-glucoside, salicin, DL-lactic acid, citric acid, inositol, and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate (weak), sodium nitrite, and cadaverine are assimilated. L-lysine and ethylamine are not assimilated. Optimal growth is at 17–25°C. Growth does occur in the vitamin-free medium. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Physiologically, Me. hainanensis differs from its closely related species Me. argovae in its inability to assimilate salicin and citric acid (Table 2).

Typus: China, Wuzhishan Montain, Hainan province, obtained from a leaf of an unidentified plant, May 2007, Qi-Ming Wang, holotype CGMCC 2.3537^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the CGMCC, Beijing, China. Ex-type CBS 15497 is deposited at the CBS collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Note: Limtong et al. (2017) indicated that species of Meira seem to be relate to plants and organisms associated with plants. Me. argovae and Me. geulakonigii were isolated from mite cadavers (Tetranychus cinnabarinus and Phyllocoptruta oleivira) from citrus leaves (Ricinus communis and Citrus paradisi) in Israel (Boekhout et al., 2003). Me. nashicola, Me. miltonrushii, and Me. siamensis were obtained from the leaf or fruit of plant (Yasuda et al., 2006; Tanaka et al., 2008; Rush and Aime, 2013; Limtong et al., 2017). Our three described Meira species were all isolated from the leaf of plant (Table 1). Some strains of Meira had been reported as endophytes of plant species (Paz et al., 2007a; Rush and Aime, 2013). Me. argovae, Me. geulakonigii, and Me. nashicola were proposed to use as a biological control agent against mites and powdery mildew fungi (Boekhout et al., 2003; Sztejnberg et al., 2004; Paz et al., 2007b; Gerson et al., 2008). The biological control property of our described Meira species, Me. miltonrushii and Me. siamensis need to be tested in the future.

Etymology: the genus is named in honor of Yun-Zhang Wang for his pioneering work on the taxonomy of smuts.

This genus is proposed for the branch represented by Dicellomyces scirpi, which formed a separate branch from the genera in the Brachybasidiaceae family (Exobasidiales, Exobasidiomycetes). The genus is mainly circumscribed by the description of Dicellomyces scirpi and the phylogenetic analysis of the six-genes sequences (Figure 1).

This genus includes sexual and asexual species. Sexual member infecting Scirpus sylvaticus (Cyperaceae); basidia developing in gelatinous basidiocarps breaking through epidermis, swollen, not persistent probasidia, with paraphyses, sterigmata 2; producing allantoid or coiled conidia (Parmasto, 1968; Reid, 1976; Ingold, 1985; Piepenbring et al., 2020). Asexual species present butyrous, yellow or brown colonies, smooth or eroded margin with budding cells present.

Type species: Yunzhangomyces scirpi (Raitv.) Q.M. Wang, E. Tanaka, M. Groenew. and D. Begerow.

Basionym: Dicellomyces scirpi Raitv., in Parmasto, Eesti NSV Tead. Akad. Toim. 17(2): 223 (1968).

Etymology: the specific epithet orchidis refers to plant host, Orchidaceae sp., from which the type strain was isolated.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are cylindrical to elongate, .08–1.7 × 2.8–16.7 μm and single, a sediment is produced, budding is polar, and hyphae are narrow (1.2-2.5 μm; Figure 7I). After 1 month at 17°C, a thick film and a sediment are produced. The streak culture is pale yellowish to brown with smooth and glistening surface, butyrous, and has an entire margin after 1 month at 17°C on YM agar. Pseudohyphae are formed in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on PDA, YM, CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are not observed.

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, galactose, L-sorbose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, trehalose, melibiose (latent), raffinose, melezitose, inulin, D-xylose, L-arabinose, D-arabinose, D-ribose, ethanol, glycerol, erythritol, ribitol, D-mannitol, D-glucitol, salicin, succinic acid (latent and weak), and citric acid (latent and weak) are assimilated. Lactose, soluble starch, L-rhamnose, D-glucosamine, methanol, galactitol, α-Methyl-D-glucoside, DL-lactic acid, inositol, and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrite, L-lysine, ethylamine, and cadaverine are assimilated Optimal growth is at 17–25°C. Growth does occur in the vitamin-free medium. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Physiologically, Y. orchidis differs from its closely related culturable species Y. clavatus in its ability to assimilate inulin, D-arabinose, and glycerol (Table 2).

Typus: China, Wuzhishan Montain, Hainan province, obtained from a leaf of Orchidaceae sp., Apr. 2007, Qi-Ming Wang, holotype CGMCC 2.3451^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the CGMCC, Beijing, China. Ex-type CBS 15753 is deposited at the CBS collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Etymology: the specific epithet clavatus refers to the vegetative cell morphology of the type strain.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are ovoid to elongate, cylindrical, club-shaped, 1.3–1.7 × 5.8–16.7 μm and single, a sediment is produced, budding is polar, and hyphae are narrow (1.2–2.5 μm; Figure 7J). After 1 month at 17°C, a ring and a sediment are produced. The streak culture is pale brown, butyrous, and the surface is glistening with slight wrinkle and has an entire margin after 1 month at 17°C on YM agar. Pseudohyphae are formed in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on PDA, YM, CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are not observed.

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, galactose (variable), L-sorbose (or latent and weak), sucrose, maltose, cellobiose (variable), trehalose, melibiose, raffinose, melezitose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, D-ribose (variable), ethanol (or latent and weak), erythritol (variable), ribitol (variable), D-mannitol, and D-glucitol are assimilated. Lactose, inulin, soluble starch, D-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-glucosamine, methanol, glycerol, galactitol, α-Methyl-D-glucoside, salicin (or latent and weak), succinic acid (or weak), DL-lactic acid, citric acid, inositol, and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrite, L-lysine (variable), ethylamine, and cadaverine are assimilated. Optimal growth is at 17–25°C. Growth does occur in the vitamin-free medium. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Physiologically, Y. clavatus differs from its closely related species, Y. orchis, in its inability to assimilate inulin, D-arabinose, and glycerol (Table 2).

Typus: China, Fuzhou county, Fujian province, obtained from a leaf of the unidentified plant, August 2011, Qi-Ming Wang, holotype CGMCC 2.4433^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the CGMCC, Beijing, China. Ex-type CBS 144908 is deposited at the CBS collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands; Heilongxiang, Motuo county, Tibet, obtained from a leaf of Impatiens sp., September 2014, Qi-Ming Wang, paratype CBS 144917.

Etymology: the specific epithet qinlingensis refers to the geographic origin of the type strain, Qinling mountain, China.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are cylindrical to elongate, club-shaped, 1.2–1.8 × 6.0–20.8 μm and single, a sediment is produced, budding is polar, and hyphae are narrow, 1.2–2.5 μm (Figure 7K). After 1 month at 17°C, a ring and a sediment are produced. The streak culture is pale yellow, butyrous, the surface is smooth and glistening and has an entire margin after 1 month at 17°C on YM agar. Pseudohyphae and hyphae are absent in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on PDA, YM, CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are not observed.

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, galactose, L-sorbose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose, raffinose, melezitose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, D-arabinose (latent and weak), D-ribose, ethanol, erythritol, ribitol (latent and weak), D-mannitol, D-glucitol, α-Methyl-D-glucoside (latent and weak), salicin (latent), succinic acid and citric acid are assimilated. Cellobiose, lactose, melibiose, inulin, soluble starch, L-rhamnose, D-glucosamine, N-Acetyl-D-glucosmine, methanol, glycerol, galactitol, DL-lactic acid, inositol, and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, L-lysine (latent and weak), ethylamine (latent and weak), and cadaverine (latent and weak) are assimilated. Sodium nitrite is not assimilated. Optimal growth is at 17–25°C. Growth does occur in the vitamin-free medium. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Physiologically, Y. qinlingensis differs from its closely related species Y. cylindricus in its inability to assimilate cellobiose and inulin and its ability to use melezitose, succinic acid, and citric acid (Table 2).

Typus: China, Qinling, Shaanxi province, obtained from a leaf of the unidentified plant, March 2012, Qi-Ming Wang, holotype CGMCC 2.4533^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), Beijing, China. Ex-type CBS 144910 is deposited at the CBS collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Etymology: the specific epithet cylindricus refers to the vegetative cell morphology of the type strain.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are cylindrical, club-shaped, 1.2–1.8 × 6.0–20.8 μm and single, a sediment is produced, budding is polar, and hyphae are narrow (1.2–2.5 μm; Figure 7L). After 1 month at 17°C, a ring and a sediment are produced. The streak culture is pale yellow, butyrous, and the surface is smooth and glistening and has an entire margin after 1 month at 17°C on YM agar. Pseudohyphae and hyphae are absent in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on PDA, YM, CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are not observed.

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, galactose, L-sorbose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, trehalose, raffinose, inulin, D-xylose, L-arabinose, D-arabinose, D-ribose, ethanol, erythritol, ribitol, D-mannitol, and D-glucitol are assimilated. Lactose, melibiose, melezitose, soluble starch, L-rhamnose, D-glucosamine, N-Acetyl-D-glucosmine, methanol, glycerol, galactitol, α-Methyl-D-glucoside, salicin, DL-lactic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, inositol, and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, L-lysine, ethylamine, and cadaverine are assimilated. Sodium nitrite is not assimilated. Maximum Optimal growth is at 17–25°C. Growth does occur in the vitamin-free medium. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Physiologically, Y. cylindricus differs from its closely related species Y. qinlingensis in its inability to assimilate melezitose, succinic acid, and citric acid and its ability to use cellobiose and inulin (Table 2).

Typus: China, Daliangzi river national forest park, Heilongjiang province, obtained from a leaf of the unidentified plant, August 2015, Qi-Ming Wang, holotype CGMCC 2.6304^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the CGMCC, Beijing, China. Ex-type CBS 15585 is deposited at the CBS collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Note: All the members of the genus Yunzhangomyces were isolated from the leaf of plant, which indicated that they are plant associates.

Etymology: The genus is named in honor of Lin Guo for her pioneering contributions to the taxonomy of smuts.

This genus is proposed for the branch represented by Meira nicotianae, which formed a separate branch from the genera in the Brachybasidiaceae family (Exobasidiales, Exobasidiomycetes). The genus is mainly circumscribed by the phylogenetic analysis of the ITS+LSU sequences (Figure 3 and Supplementary Figure 3).

Sexual reproduction is not known. Colonies were butyrous, yellow with eroded margin. Budding cells present or not. Hyphae are formed. Ballistoconidia are not produced.

Type species: Guomyces nicotianae (H.K. Wang and F.C. Lin) Q.M. Wang, E. Tanaka, M. Groenew., and D. Begerow.

Basionym: Meira nicotianae H.K. Wang and F.C. Lin, in Cao et al. Phytotaxa 365 (2): 176 (2018).

Etymology: the specific epithet, parafulvescens, refers to a similar colony morphology to that of Phragmotaenium fulvescens.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are cylindrical, 1.0–1.7 × 10.8–25.0 μm and single, a sediment is produced, budding is polar, and hyphae are narrow (1.2–2.5 μm; Figure 7M). After 1 month at 17°C, a ring and a sediment are produced. The streak culture is cream to pale yellow, butyrous, and the surface is glistening with slight wrinkle and has an entire margin after 1 month at 17°C on YM agar. Hyphae are formed in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on PDA, YM, CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are allantoid or falcate, 1.0–1.6 × 7.5–16.7 μm (Figure 7N).

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, galactose (latent and weak), L-sorbose (latent and weak), sucrose, maltose, trehalose, Lactose (latent and weak), melibiose (latent and weak), raffinose, melezitose, inulin, soluble starch, D-xylose, L-arabinose, D-arabinose, glycerol, ribitol (latent and weak), D-mannitol, D-glucitol, D-gluenoale, and succinic acid are assimilated. Cellobiose, D-ribose, L-rhamnose, D-glucosamine, N-Acetyl-D-glucosmine, methanol, ethanol, erythritol, galactitol, α-Methyl-D-glucoside, salicin, DL-lactic acid, citric acid, inositol, and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, and L-lysine (latent and weak) are assimilated. Sodium nitrite, ethylamine, and cadaverine are not assimilated. Optimal growth is at 17–25°C. Growth does occur in the vitamin-free medium. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Physiologically, P. parafulvescens differs from its closely related species, P. fulvescens, in its inability to assimilate cellobiose, D-ribose, erythritol, citric acid, and sodium nitrite and its positive growth in vitamin-free medium (Table 2).

Typus: China, Sanya county, Hainan province, obtained from a leaf of the unidentified plant, May 2007, Qi-Ming Wang, holotype CGMCC 2.3573^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the CGMCC, Beijing, China. Ex-type CBS 15754 is deposited at the CBS collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Etymology: the specific epithet pseudominor refers to the similar colony morphology to that of Gjaerumia minor.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are cylindrical or allantoid, 1.2–1.8 × 6.7–22.5 μm and single, a sediment is produced, budding is polar, and hyphae are narrow (1.2–2.5 μm; Figure 7O). After 1 month at 17°C, a sediment is produced. The streak culture is cream to light-yellowish, butyrous, and the surface is glistening with smooth and has an entire margin after 1 month at 17°C on YM agar. Hyphae are formed, narrow and cylindrical in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on PDA, YM, CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are allantoid or falcate, 1.0–1.6 × 6.7–12.5 μm (Figure 7P).

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, trehalose, melezitose, solube starch, D-xylose, L-arabinose, glycerol, D-mannitol, D-glucitol, DL-lactic acid, succinic acid, and citric acid are assimilated. Galactose, L-sorbose, lactose, melibiose, raffinose, inulin, D-arabinose, D-ribose, L-rhamnose, D-glucosamine, N-Acetyl-D-glucosmine, methanol, ethanol, erythritol, ribitol, galactitol, α-Methyl-D-glucoside, salicin, inositol, and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, L-lysine, ethylamine, and cadaverine are assimilated. Sodium nitrite is not assimilated. Optimal growth is at 17–25°C. Growth does occur in a vitamin-free medium (weak). No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Physiologically, G. pseudominor differs from its closely related species G. minor and G. cyclobalanopsidis in its inability to assimilate galactose, lactose, melibiose, raffinose, inulin, D-arabinose, and D-ribose (Table 2).

Typus: China, Heilongjiang province, obtained from a leaf of the unidentified plant, August 2015, Qi-Ming Wang, holotype CGMCC 2.5616^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the CGMCC, Beijing, China. Ex-type CBS 144912 is deposited at the CBS collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Etymology: the specific epithet cyclobalanopsidis refers to Cyclobalanopsis, a plant host from which the type strain was isolated.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are cylindrical or allantoid, 1.0–1.6 × 7.3–23.6 μm and single, a sediment is produced, budding is polar, and hyphae are narrow (1.2–2.5 μm; Figure 8A). After 1 month at 17°C, a film and sediment are produced. The streak culture is cream to yellowish, butyrous, the surface is wrinkled with gloomy, and has an entire margin after 1 month at 17°C on YM agar. Hyphae are formed, narrow and cylindrical in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on PDA, YM, CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are allantoid or falcate (1.0–1.7 × 8.3–14.2 μm; Figure 8B).

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, galactose, L-sorbose (weak), sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, trehalose, lactose, melibiose, raffinose, melezitose, inulin, D-xylose, L-arabinose, D-arabinose, glycerol, ribitol (weak), D-mannitol (weak), and D-glucitol (weak) are assimilated. Solube starch, D-ribose, L-rhamnose, D-glucosamine, N-Acetyl-D-glucosmine, methanol, ethanol, erythritol, galactitol, α-Methyl-D-glucoside, salicin, DL-lactic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, inositol, and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate (weak), sodium nitrite, L-lysine (weak), and cadaverine (latent and weak) are assimilated. Ethylamine is not assimilated. Optimal growth is at 17–25°C. Growth does not occur in vitamin-free medium. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Physiologically, G. cyclobalanopsidis differs from its closely related species G. pseudominor and G. minor in its inability to assimilate soluble starch, DL-lactic acid, and succinic acid (Table 2).

Typus: China, Gutianshan, Zhejiang province, obtained from a leaf of Cyclobalanopsis sp., June 2011, Qi-Ming Wang, holotype CGMCC 2.6419^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the CGMCC, Beijing, China. Ex-type CBS 144918 is deposited at the CBS collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Etymology: the specific epithet aceris refers to Acer, a plant host from which the type strain was isolated.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are allantoid to elongate, 0.8–1.8 × 7.0–11.8 μm and single, a sediment is produced, budding is polar, hyphae are narrow (1.2–2.5 μm; Figures 8C,E). After 1 month at 17°C, a film and sediment are produced. The streak culture is cream to cream to pink, butyrous, the surface is smooth or slightly wrinkled with glistening, and has an entire margin after 1 month at 17°C on YM agar. Hyphae are formed in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on PDA, YM, CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are allantoid, falcate, 0.8–1.7 × 7.5–15.8 μm (Figures 8D,F).

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, galactose (variable), sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, trehalose, lactose (variable), raffinose (or weak), melezitose (or weak), inulin (variable), soluble starch (variable), D-xylose (variable), L-arabinose, D-arabinose, D-ribose, L-rhamnose, glycerol, erythritol, ribitol, D-mannitol, D-glucitol, and succinic acid (variable) are assimilated. L-sorbose, melibiose, D-glucosamine, methanol, ethanol, galactitol, α-Methyl-D-glucoside, salicin, DL-lactic acid, citric acid, inositol, and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, L-lysine, ethylamine, and cadaverine are assimilated. Sodium nitrite is not assimilated. Optimal growth is at 17–25°C. Growth does occur in the vitamin-free medium. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Physiologically, J. aceris differs from its closely related species J. mali in its inability to assimilate melibiose, D-glucosamine, and sodium nitrite and its ability to use D-arabinose, ribitol, and cadaverine (Table 2).

Typus: China, Bomi, Tibet, obtained from a leaf of Acer pectinatum, September 2014, Qi-Ming Wang, holotype CGMCC 2.5602^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the CGMCC, Beijing, China. Ex-type CBS 144916 is deposited at the CBS collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands. Bomi, Tibet, obtained from a leaf of the unidentified plant, September 2014, Qi-Ming Wang, paratype XZ156C4. Heilongjiang province, obtained from a leaf of an unidentified plant, Aug. 2015, Qi-Ming Wang, paratype CGMCC 2.5679. Jilin province, Changbai mountain, obtained from a leaf of the unidentified plant, Oct. 1998, Feng-Yan Bai, paratype CGMCC 2.2370.

Etymology: the specific epithet pinicola refers to Pinus plant host from which the type strain was isolated.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are cylindrical, 1.3–2.7 × 6.7–28.3 μm and single, a sediment is produced, budding is polar, and hyphae are narrow (1.2–2.5 μm; Figure 8G). After 1 month at 17°C, a film and sediment are produced. The streak culture is pale yellow, butyrous, the surface is glistening with slightly granular, and has an entire margin after 1 month at 17°C on YM agar. Pseudohyphae are formed in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on PDA, YM, CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are lunate to sickle-shaped or cylindrical (0.8–1.3 × 8.3–19.1 μm; Figure 8H).

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose, melibiose (weak), raffinose, melezitose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, D-arabinose, D-ribose, ethanol, glycerol, erythritol, D-glucitol (weak), succinic acid (weak), and citric acid (weak) are assimilated. L-sorbose, cellobiose, lactose, inulin, soluble starch, L-rhamnose, D-glucosamine, N-Acetyl-D-glucosmine, methanol, ribitol, galactitol, D-mannitol, α-Methyl-D-glucoside, salicin, DL-lactic acid, inositol, and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, L-lysine, ethylamine, and cadaverine are assimilated. Sodium nitrite is not assimilated. Optimal growth is at 17–25°C. Growth does occur in the vitamin-free medium. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Physiologically, T. pinicola differs from its closely related species, T. lilacina, in its inability to assimilate cellobiose, soluble starch, ribitol, D-mannitol, α-Methyl-D-glucoside, DL-lactic acid, and sodium nitrite and its ability to assimilate ethanol and grow in the vitamin-free medium (Table 2).

Typus: China, Heilongjiang province, obtained from a leaf of Pinus sp., August 2015, Qi-Ming Wang, holotype CGMCC 2.5613^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the CGMCC, Beijing, China. Ex-type CBS 15775 is deposited at the CBS collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Etymology: the specific epithet, lunata, refers to the vegetative cell morphology of the type strain.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are cylindrical, 1.0–2.5 × 10.0–25.2 μm and single, a sediment is produced, budding is polar, and hyphae are narrow (1.2–2.5 μm; Figure 8I). After 1 month at 17°C, an easy-dispersed film and sediment are produced. The streak culture is pale-yellowish, butyrous, flat, and the surface is venous and has an entire margin after 1 month at 17°C on YM agar. Hyphae are formed in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on PDA, YM, CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are lunate to sickle-shaped (0.8–2.1 × 8.3–21.6 μm; Figure 8J).

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose, raffinose, melezitose, inulin, soluble starch, D-xylose, L-arabinose, D-ribose, ethanol, glycerol, erythritol, ribitol (variable), D-mannitol, D-glucitol, succinic acid, and citric acid are assimilated. L-sorbose, cellobiose, lactose, D-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-glucosamine, N-Acetyl-D-glucosmine, methanol, galactitol, α-Methyl-D-glucoside, salicin, D-glueonale, DL-lactic acid, inositol, and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrite (variable), L-lysine, and cadaverine are assimilated. Ethylamine is not assimilated. Optimal growth is at 17–25°C. Growth does occur in the vitamin-free medium. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Physiologically, T. lunata differs from its closely related species, T. washingtonensis, in its inability to assimilate D-arabinose, D-glueonale, and DL-lactic acid and its ability to use inulin, and its positive growth in the vitamin-free medium (Table 2).

Typus: China, Huzhong, Heilongjiang Province, obtained from a leaf of the unidentified plant, August 2015, Qi-Ming Wang, holotype CGMCC 2.6308^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the CGMCC, Beijing, China. Ex-type DSM 111865 is deposited at the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany. Huzhong, Heilongjiang Province, obtained from a leaf of the unidentified plant, August 2015, Qi-Ming Wang, paratype CGMCC 2.6307.

Note: The two new species of Tilletiopsis and the known species, T. cremea and T. lilacina, are all isolated from plant leaves (Boekhout et al., 2011). T. washingtonensis seems to be a common inhabitant of the phyllosphere, but it also occurs in the soil, rotten wood, and tree bark (Supplementary Table 1).

Etymology: the specific epithet lantanae refers to Lantana plant host, from which the type strain was isolated.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are ovoid to elongate, ellipsoidal, 1.7–2.9 × 3.3–10.0 μm and single, a sediment is produced, budding is polar, and hyphae are narrow (1.2–2.5 μm; Figure 8K). After 1 month at 17°C, an easy-dispersed film and sediment are produced. The streak culture is pink, butyrous, flat, the surface is wrinkled and moist with glistening, and has an entire margin after 1 month at 17°C on YM agar. Hyphae are absent in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on PDA, YM, CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are not observed.

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, L-sorbose, sucrose (latent), maltose (latent and weak), cellobiose (latent and weak), melezitose (latent and weak), D-xylose (latent), L-arabinose, D-glucosamine (latent), N-Acetyl-D-glucosmine, ethanol, glycerol, erythritol, D-mannitol (latent), D-glucitol (latent and weak), α-Methyl-D-glucoside (latent and weak), and salicin (latent and weak) are assimilated. Galactose, trehalose, melibiose, raffinose, lactose, inulin, soluble starch, D-arabinose, D-Ribose, L-rhamnose, methanol, ribitol, galactitol, D-glueonale, DL-lactic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, inositol, and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, L-lysine, ethylamine, and cadaverine are assimilated. Potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite are not assimilated. Optimal growth is at 17–25°C. Growth does occur in the vitamin-free medium. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Typus: China, Haikou county, Hainan province, obtained from a leaf of Lantana camara, Aug. 2007, Qi-Ming Wang, holotype CGMCC 2.3529^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the CGMCC, Beijing, China. Ex-type CBS 15493 is deposited at the CBS collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands. Haikou county, Hainan province, obtained from a leaf of Lantana camara, Aug. 2007, Qi-Ming Wang, paratype CGMCC 2.3622.

Note: J. angkorensis was isolated from fallen decaying leaves in Cambodia, J. lanaiensis from marine driftwood in Hawaiian, J. pallidilutea from plant material from mangrove in Iran, J. rosea from phylloplane of Plumeria in Florida (Sipiczki and Kajdacsi, 2009; Wei et al., 2011; Kijpornyongpan and Aime, 2017; Nasr et al., 2017). J. lantanae was isolated from the leaf of Lantana camara. The above data indicated that the members of Jaminaea are widespread along with plant associates.

Etymology: the specific epithet, europaea, refers to the geographic origin of the type strain, Europe.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are or ellipsoidal to elongate, cylindrical, 1.5–1.8 × 4.2–12.5 μm and single, a sediment is produced, budding is polar, hyphae are narrow (1.2–2.5 μm; Figure 8L). After 1 month at 17°C, a ring and a sediment are produced. The streak culture is pink colored, butyrous, flat, and the surface is rachnoid with dull and has an entire margin after 1 month at 17°C on YM agar. Pseudohyphae are formed in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on PDA, YM, CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are not observed.

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, galactose, L-sorbose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose (latent and weak), lactose, melibiose, raffinose, melezitose, soluble starch (weak), D-xylose, L-arabinose (or latent and weak), D-ribose, ethanol, glycerol, erythritol, D-mannitol, D-glucitol (or latent and weak), and α-Methyl-D-glucoside (or latent and weak) are assimilated. Cellobiose, inulin, D-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-glucosamine, methanol, ribitol, galactitol, salicin, DL-lactic acid, succinic acid (or weak), citric acid (or latent and weak), inositol (or weak), and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate (variable), L-lysine (weak), and cadaverine are assimilated. Sodium nitrite and ethylamine are not assimilated. Optimal growth is at 17–25°C. Growth does occur in the vitamin-free medium. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Physiologically, S. europaea differs from its closely related species, S. kandeliae and S. paphiopedili, in its inability to assimilate cellobiose, D-arabinose, and grow in the 50% glucose medium (Table 2).

Typus: Germany, obtained from a leaf of the unidentified plant, March 2006, Feng-Yan Bai, holotype CGMCC 2.3119^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the CGMCC, Beijing, China. Ex-type CBS 15470 is deposited at the CBS collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands; Obtained from a leaf of the unidentified plant, Mar. 2006, Feng-Yan Bai, paratypes CGMCC 2.3181, CGMCC 2.3120, CGMCC 2.3121, CGMCC 2.3122, CGMCC 2.3123 and CGMCC 2.3124.

Note: The species of Sympodiomycopsis seem to associate with plant substrate. S. paphiopedili was isolated from the nectar of Paphiopedilum primulinum, S. kandeliae from flowers of Kandelia candel in the mangrove forest, S. yantaiensis from insect frass from the trunk of Sophora japonica, and the newly described species S. europaea also from the leaf of plant.

Etymology: the genus is named in honor of Robert Bauer for his pioneering work on the taxonomy of smuts.

This genus is proposed for the branch represented by strain CGMCC 2.4532, which formed a separate branch from the genera in the Microstromatales (Exobasidiomycetes). The genus is mainly circumscribed by the phylogenetic analysis of the six-gene sequences (Figure 1).

Sexual reproduction not known. Colonies are butyrous, pink, and have smooth margins. Budding cells are present. Ballistoconidia are not produced. Hyphae are not formed.

Type species: Baueromyces planticola Q.M. Wang, D. Begerow and M. Groenew.

Etymology: the specific epithet, planticola, refers to the substrate origin of the type strain, plant.

After 7 days at 17°C in YM broth, cells are cylindrical, 1.7–2.5 × 4.2–10.0 μm and single, a sediment is produced, budding is polar, hyphae are narrow (1.2–2.5 μm; Figure 8M). After 1 month at 17°C, a film or ring and a sediment are produced. The streak culture is cream to pink, butyrous, flat, and the surface is smooth or slightly wrinkled with glistening and has an entire margin after 1 month at 17°C on YM agar. Pseudohyphae and Hyphae are absent in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar. Sexual structures are not produced on PDA, YM, CM, and V8 agars. Ballistoconidia are not observed.

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, galactose, sucrose, maltose (week), cellobiose, trehalose (latent and weak), lactose (weak), melibiose (variable), raffinose, melezitose (variable), inulin, D-xylose (weak), L-arabinose, D-ribose (variable), L-rhamnose (variable), N-Acetyl-D-glucosmine (variable), glycerol, erythritol (latent and weak), D-mannitol, and D-glucitol are assimilated. L-sorbose, soluble starch, D-arabinose, D-glucosamine, methanol, ethanol (or weak), ribitol, galactitol, α-Methyl-D-glucoside (weak), salicin (or latent and weak), DL-lactic acid, succinic acid (or weak), citric acid, inositol (or latent and weak), and hexadecane are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate (or weak), L-lysine (or weak), ethylamine (or weak), and cadaverine (or weak) are assimilated. Sodium nitrite (or latent and weak) is not assimilated. The maximum growth temperature is 30–32°C. Growth does occur in the vitamin-free medium. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Typus: China, Xingshan County, Hubei province, obtained from a leaf of the unidentified plant, March 2012, Qi-Ming Wang, holotype CGMCC 2.4532^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the CGMCC, Beijing, China. Ex-type CBS 144909 is deposited at the CBS collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands. Maotai county, Guizhou province, obtained from a leaf of the unidentified plant, March 2012, Qi-Ming Wang, CGMCC 2.4534. Fanjingshan, Guizhou province, obtained from a leaf of the unidentified plant, March 2012, Qi-Ming Wang, paratypes CGMCC 2.4535 and CGMCC 2.4536.

Member of Exobasidiomycetes. The diagnosis of the order Franziozymales is based on the description of the genus Franziozyma. The nomenclature of the order is based on the genus Franziozyma.

Type family: Franziozymaceae Q.M. Wang, D. Begerow, M. Groenew.

Member of Franziozymales (Exobasidiomycetes). The diagnosis of the family Franziozymaceae is based on the description of the genus, Franziozyma. The nomenclature of the family is based on the genus.

Type genus: Franziozyma Q.M. Wang, D. Begerow and M. Groenew.

Genus accepted: Franziozyma Q.M. Wang, D. Begerow and M. Groenew.

Etymology: the genus is named in honor of Franz Oberwinkler for his pioneering work on the taxonomy of smuts.

This genus is proposed for the branch represented by strain XZ4C4^T, which formed a separate branch from Golubeviales and other orders in Exobasidiomycetes. The genus is mainly circumscribed by the phylogenetic analysis of the six loci dataset (Figure 1).

Sexual reproduction is not known. Colonies are butyrous, white, margin, or eroded. Budding cells present or not. Hyphae are formed. Ballistoconidia are produced.

Type species: Franziozyma bambusicola Q.M. Wang, D. Begerow and M. Groenew.

Etymology: the specific epithet bambusicola refers to the origin of the substrate of the type strain of this species.

After 10 days at 17°C on 5% malt extract agar, colonies are cream, soft or tough, usually glabrous, or sometimes pubescent, shiny or dull, ridged, and with an eroded margin. Hyphae are narrow and cylindrical, usually 1.0–1.3 × 30–60 μm, sometimes regularly branched (Figure 8N). Chlamydospores occur intercalarily or terminally and are single, subglobose or ellipsoidal, 4.0–6.0 × 6–10 μm (Figure 8O). Sexual structures are not produced on YM, YPD, V8, and CM agars. Ballistoconidia are ellipsoidal orallantoid, 2.3–2.7 × 13.6–18.2 μm (Figure 8P).

Glucose is not fermented. Glucose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, trehalose, raffinose, inulin, soluble starch, glycerol, erythritol, D-mannitol, and D-glucitol are assimilated. Galactose, L-sorbose, lactose, melibiose, melezitose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, D-arabinose, D-ribose, L-rhamnose, D-glucosamine, methanol, ethanol, ribitol, galactitol, α-Methyl-D-glucoside, salicin, DL-lactate, and succinate, citrate, myo-inositol, and hexadecane are not assimilated. The maximum growth temperature is 22°C. Growth in the vitamin-free medium is weak. No starch-like substrate is produced. Growth does not occur on 50% (w/w) glucose-yeast extract agar Urease and Diazonium blue B reactions are positive.

Typus: China, Bomi County, Tibet, obtained from a leaf of bamboo, Sep. 2004, Qi-Ming Wang, holotype CGMCC 2.2620^T preserved in a metabolically inactive state in the CGMCC, Beijing, China. Ex-type CBS 15774 is deposited at the CBS collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands. Bomi county, Tibet, obtained from a leaf of bamboo, September 2004, Qi-Ming Wang, paratype XZ4A1.