AUTHOR=Du Chenyu , Liu Jiaxin , Wang Caiyi , Liu Pengcheng 

TITLE=A comparison of the labeling of antineoplastic and supportive medicines in China, Japan, and the US based on the WHO essential medicines list

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1600207

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2025.1600207

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=ObjectiveThis study systematically compares the safety information presented on drug labels for antineoplastic and supportive care medications listed on the WHO Essential Medicines List (EML) across three major pharmaceutical markets: China, Japan, and the United States.MethodsThe safety information of the same drugs approved in the three countries was compared and analyzed, involving the calculation of the proportion of each safety information and the percentage of boxed warnings (PBW) to all information on the label, we also comparative analysis of pediatric medication information studied from each country.ResultsThere were substantial differences in each safety information of the labels in three countries. Except for the proportion of information on use in the elderly, the proportion of each type of safety information differed significantly between countries, and the content also varied widely. Concordance of the presence or the absence of a BW on the label between China, Japan, and the US was 36% on the total labels. Of the 19 drugs, Japan had the most pediatric drug information with 13 drugs, followed by the US with nine drugs and China with eight drugs.ConclusionThere were significant differences in the safety information on drug labels in China, Japan, and the US from the same manufacturer, which could pose a risk to patients. Regulatory agencies should better align their approaches to labeling to prevent confusion or misunderstanding across regions.