AUTHOR=Li Lei , Ren Fei , Liu Zhuo , Tian Xiaojun , Zhang Hongxian , Wang Guoliang , Zhang Shudong , Ma Lulin 
  
TITLE=Urothelial carcinoma following kidney transplantation: a narrative review of Chinese insights and challenges from pathogenesis to precision diagnosis and treatment
  
JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology
  
VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025
  
YEAR=2025
  
URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1668356
  
DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2025.1668356
  
ISSN=1664-3224
  
ABSTRACT=Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) exhibit a higher incidence of neoplasms compared to the general population, primarily due to the prolonged administration of immunosuppressive agents and viral infections. In China, the primary type of tumor among KTRs is urothelial carcinoma (UC), which lacks specific clinical manifestations. Accurate diagnosis necessitates the integration of multiple diagnostic modalities, while therapeutic approaches must judiciously balance oncological control with the preservation of renal function, thereby presenting a considerable challenge to the health of KTRs. This article provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, diagnostic methodologies, and therapeutic strategies associated with urothelial carcinoma post kidney transplantation (KT), aiming to enhance healthcare professionals’ understanding of this condition and improve patient management.