Front. Immunol. Frontiers in Immunology Front. Immunol. 1664-3224 Frontiers Media S.A. 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1627178 Immunology Correction Corrigendum: Co-administration of vitamin D and N-acetylcysteine to modulate immunosenescence in older adults with vitamin D deficiency: a randomized clinical trial Rastgoo Samira 1 Pourvali Katayoun 1 Raeissadat Seyed Ahmad 2 Eslamian Ghazaleh 1 Zand Hamid 1 * 1 Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Edited and Reviewed by: Honglin Dong, City University of London, United Kingdom

*Correspondence: Hamid Zand, Hamid_zand@sbmu.ac.ir; hamidzand@gmail.com

29 05 2025 2025 16 1627178 12 05 2025 16 05 2025 Copyright © 2025 Rastgoo, Pourvali, Raeissadat, Eslamian and Zand 2025 Rastgoo, Pourvali, Raeissadat, Eslamian and Zand

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 A Corrigendum on Co-administration of vitamin D and N-acetylcysteine to modulate immunosenescence in older adults with vitamin D deficiency: a randomized clinical trial by Rastgoo S, Pourvali K, Raeissadat SA, Eslamian G and Zand H (2025). Front. Immunol. 16:1570441. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1570441 immune function geroscience cellular senescence nutrition aging section-in-acceptance Nutritional Immunology

In the published article, there was a typographical error in the legend of Table 2 . “Vit D 5000” and “Vit D 5000 + NAC” were mistakenly written as “Vit D 50000” and “Vit D 50000 + NAC”. The correct terms are “Vit D 5000” and “Vit D 5000 + NAC”. The corrected legend appears below.

“aP<0.05; Vit D 1000 in compare Vit D 5000

bP<0.05; Vit D 1000 in compare Vit D 5000 + NAC

cP<0.05; Vit D 5000 in compare Vit D 1000 + NAC

dP<0.05; Vit D 1000 + NAC in compare Vit D 5000 + NAC”

In the published article, there was a typographical error in the first row of Tables 1 and 2 . “Vit D 5000” and “Vit D 5000 + NAC” were mistakenly written as “Vit D 50000” and “Vit D 50000 + NAC”. The correct terms are “Vit D 5000” and “Vit D 5000 + NAC”. The corrected versions of Table 1 and Table 2 , along with their captions “Table 1. Baseline characteristics at enrollment, according to randomized assignment to intervention groups.

Baseline characteristics at enrollment, according to randomized assignment to intervention groups.

Characteristic∗ Vit D 1000 (n= 22) Vit D 5000 (n= 22) Vit D 1000 + NAC (n= 22) Vit D 5000 + NAC (n= 22) P value**
Age, year 69.5 ± 2.9 68.7 ± 4.0 70.3 ± 4.9 68.8 ± 4.6 0.561
Sex, no. (%)
 Male 9 (40.9) 10 (45.5) 14 (63.6) 7 (31.8) 0.811
 Female 13 (59.1) 12 (54.5) 8 (36.4) 15 (68.2)
Education, no. (%) 0.475
 Primary school 4 (18.2) 3 (13.6) 3 (13.6) 2 (9.1)
 Secondary school 10 (45.5) 11 (50.0) 11 (50.0) 15 (68.2)
 Bachelor’s degree 8 (36.4) 8 (36.4) 6 (27.3) 3 (13.6)
 Master’s/doctoral degree 0 (0) 0 (0) 2 (9.1) 2 (9.1)
Serum 25(OH)D, ng/mL 20.5 ± 4.0 19.3 ± 4.6 19.7 ± 4.9 18.9 ± 4.5 0.693
Time spent outdoors, min/d 61.8 ± 23.5 62.5 ± 22.2 58.7 ± 19.6 70.2 ± 19.3 0.322
BMI, kg/m2 27.7 ± 1.8 27.1 ± 1.7 27.9 ± 2.0 26.9 ± 1.5 0.205
Waist circumference, cm 91.7 ± 8.2 94.0 ± 9.5 93.9 ± 9.4 93.8 ± 6.3 0.783
Physical activity (RAPA score) 3.73 ± 0.985 3.86 ± 1.167 3.91 ± 0.971 3.95 ± 1.133 0.906
Dietary intakes
 Energy intake, kcal/d 2051 ± 359 1902 ± 253 1935 ± 277 1948 ± 291 0.382
 Carbohydrates, g/d 280 ± 53 257 ± 44 254 ± 41 262 ± 47 0.259
 Protein, g/d 70 ± 14 64 ± 10 69 ± 12 67 ± 11 0.937
 Fat, g/d 79 ± 18 77 ± 15 79 ± 14 80 ± 18 0.341
 PUFA, g/d 23.0 ± 7.8 22.0 ± 4.8 21.5 ± 7.0 19.8 ± 6.8 0.468
 MUFA, g/d 24.0 ± 6.0 20.7 ± 5.3 23.7 ± 8.1 23.2 ± 6.8 0.368
 Fiber, g/d 13.8 ± 5.2 12.8 ± 2.9 13.7 ± 4.6 14.0 ± 5.5 0.813
 Zinc, mg/d 7.9 ± 2.5 8.5 ± 2.4 9.0 ± 2.4 8.2 ± 1.8 0.427
 Vitamin E, mg/d 17.3 ± 8.0 16.6 ± 9.7 18.6 ± 9.7 13.8 ± 6.7 0.306
 Vitamin A, μg/d 1126 ± 762 678 ± 570 710 ± 589 897 ± 825 0.130
 Vitamin C, mg/d 155 ± 75 162 ± 56 154 ± 66 188 ± 79 0.332
 Vitamin D, μg/d 0.056 ± 0.264 0.356 ± 0.693 0.311 ± 0.614 0.473 ± 0.611 0.140
 Selenium, μg/d 0.126 ± 0.027 0.127 ± 0.028 0.128 ± 0.030 0.118 ± 0.027 0.635
 Beta-carotene, μg/d 815 ± 794 417 ± 628 389 ± 595 413 ± 742 0.134

*Values are mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise noted.

**Using ANOVA or Chi-square, as appropriate.

25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; BMI, body mass index; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; NAC, N-acetylcysteine; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Serum concentrations of vitamin D, immune system markers and inflammatory factors at baseline and the eighth week, according to randomized assignment to intervention groups.

Vit D 1000 (n= 22) Vit D 5000 (n= 22) Vit D 1000 + NAC (n= 22) Vit D 5000 + NAC (n= 22) P value
Serum 25(OH)D, ng/mL
 Baseline 20.5 ± 4.0 19.3 ± 4.6 19.7 ± 4.9 18.9 ± 4.5 0.693*
 Week 8 27.1 ± 4.3 44.6 ± 7.4 25.6 ± 4.3 44.9 ± 10.0 <0.001**a,b,c,d
 Changes *** 6.6 ± 3.4 25.3 ± 5.2 5.9 ± 5.8 26.0 ± 9.1 <0.001**a,b,c,d
Serum IL-6, pg/mL
 Baseline 83.5 ± 69.1 93.3 ± 62.9 96.6 ± 85.4 81.4 ± 48.0 0.852*
 Week 8 43.5 ± 55.1 40.7 ± 59.1 46.3 ± 104.9 27.1 ± 42.5 0.852**
 Changes *** -40.0 ± 77.6 -52.7 ± 86.0 -50.3 ± 105.7 -54.4 ± 62.2 0.852**
Serum CRP, mg/L
 Baseline 5.69 ± 2.10 6.26 ± 1.87 6.26 ± 1.87 6.13 ± 1.46 0.749*
 Week 8 4.78 ± 1.46 4.45 ± 0.98 4.45 ± 0.98 4.58 ± 1.46 0.380**
 Changes *** -0.91 ± 1.61 -1.81 ± 1.72 -1.54 ± 2.15 -1.82 ± 1.58 0.380**
NLR
 Baseline 1.89 ± 0.77 1.73 ± 0.47 2.06 ± 0.74 1.99 ± 0.67 0.404*
 Week 8 1.61 ± 0.67 1.42 ± 0.27 1.53 ± 0.37 1.46 ± 0.44 0.423**
 Changes *** -0.28 ± 0.76 -0.31 ± 0.32 -0.53 ± 0.60 -0.52 ± 0.51 0.423**
SA-β-gal activity (green area ratio%)
 Baseline 3.02 ± 1.75 3.30 ± 2.03 3.03 ± 1.98 4.20 ± 2.18 0.171*
 Week 8 2.40 ± 1.46 1.60 ± 1.32 2.01 ± 1.33 1.68 ± 1.31 0.001**a,b
 Changes *** -0.62 ± 1.32 -1.70 ± 1.59 -1.02 ± 1.58 -2.52 ± 1.52 0.001**a,b

Values are mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise noted.

*Based on ANOVA.

**Based on ANCOVA adjusted for baseline values and age.

***Changes reflect week 8 – baseline values.

P<0.05; Vit D 1000 in compare Vit D 5000.

P<0.05; Vit D 1000 in compare Vit D 5000 + NAC.

P<0.05; Vit D 5000 in compare Vit D 1000 + NAC.

P<0.05; Vit D 1000 + NAC in compare Vit D 5000 + NAC.

25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CRP, c-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.

Table 2. Serum concentrations of Vitamin D, immune system markers and inflammatory factors at baseline and the eighth week, according to randomized assignment to intervention groups” appear below.

The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.

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