AUTHOR=Di Caixia , Yu Teng , Ni Lei 
  
TITLE=Non-bacterial cystitis caused by pembrolizumab therapy for adenocarcinoma of the lung: a case report
  
JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology
  
VOLUME=Volume 15 - 2024
  
YEAR=2024
  
URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1423123
  
DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2024.1423123
  
ISSN=1664-3224
  
ABSTRACT=Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) including anti-programmed death cell protein 1 (anti-PD1) and anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), by disinhibiting the anti-tumor responses of lymphocytes, have extended survival benefits for patients in lung cancer. ICIs can also lead to a wide spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), due to dysregulation of immune reactions. Here ， we report a 27-year-old female patient with adenocarcinoma of the lung treated with Pembrolizumab combined chemotherapy treatment, who complained of urinary irritation symptoms. No bacteria were found in multiple urine cultures. B-mode ultrasonography indicated a high echo in the right lateral wall of the bladder, about 5.6× 4.5 mm in size. Transurethral bladder tumor resection (TURBT) was operated.At biopsy, we found CD3 + CD8 + lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils infiltration and lymphoid follicle formation in the bladder mucosal layer. This is a report of non-bacterial inflammation of the urinary tract caused by immunotherapy.