AUTHOR=Yoshitomi Hiroyuki 

TITLE=Peripheral Helper T Cell Responses in Human Diseases

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.946786

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2022.946786

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=A series of rheumatoid arthritis studies established a CD4 subset, Tph cells, that form tertiary lymphoid structures in peripheral tissues via CXCL13 and provide help to B cells in situ. Subsequent studies have shown that Tph cells are involved in autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancers. In addition, it has been shown that B cells expand at low SHM in the immune responses occurring in the peripheral tissues of these diseases. We discuss the immune responses in peripheral tissues related to Tph cells, including their target B cells and their properties, in addition to the functions of Tph cells.