AUTHOR=Jia Wenqing , Zhang Tao , Huang Haiyan , Feng Haoran , Wang Shaodong , Guo Zichao , Luo Zhiping , Ji Xiaopin , Cheng Xi , Zhao Ren 

TITLE=Colorectal cancer vaccines: The current scenario and future prospects

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.942235

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2022.942235

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Current therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy encounter obstacles in preventing metastasis of CRC even when applied in combination. Immune checkpoint inhibitors depict limited effects due to the limited cases of CRC patients with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H). Cancer vaccines are designed to trigger elevation of tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes, resulting in the intense response of immune system to tumor antigens. This review briefly summarizes different categories of CRC vaccines, meanwhile demonstrates the current outcomes of relevant clinical trials, furthermore, provides particular focus on recent advances of nanovaccines and neoantigen vaccines, representing the trend and emphasis of CRC vaccine development.