AUTHOR=Yao Ren-Qi , Ren Chao , Zheng Li-Yu , Xia Zhao-Fan , Yao Yong-Ming 

TITLE=Advances in Immune Monitoring Approaches for Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.891024

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2022.891024

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=Sepsis represents a life-threatening organ dysfunction due to an aberrant host response. Of note, majority of patients have experienced a severe immune depression during and after sepsis, which is significantly correlated with the occurrence of nosocomial infection and higher risk of in-hospital death. Nevertheless, clinical sign of sepsis-induced immune paralysis remains highly indetectable and ambiguous. Given that, specific yet robust biomarkers for monitoring immune functional status of septic patients are of prominent significance in clinical practice. In turn, stratification of a subgroup of septic patients with immunosuppressive state will greatly contribute to the implementation of personalized adjuvant immunotherapy. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the mechanism of sepsis-associated immunosuppression at cellular level and highlight the recent advances in immune monitoring approaches targeting functional status of both innate and adaptive immune responses.