Front. Immunol. Frontiers in Immunology Front. Immunol. 1664-3224 Frontiers Media S.A. 10.3389/fimmu.2022.850325 Immunology Correction Corrigendum: A Perspective on the Success and Failure of BCG Kumar Pawan * Department of Preventive Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

Edited and reviewed by: Juraj Ivanyi, King’s College London, United Kingdom

*Correspondence: Pawan Kumar, pksbio30@gmail.com

This article was submitted to Vaccines and Molecular Therapeutics, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology

 09 02 2022 2022 13 850325 07 01 2022 12 01 2022 Copyright © 2022 Kumar 2022 Kumar

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 A Corrigendum on A Perspective on the Success and Failure of BCG by Kumar P (2021). Front. Immunol. 12:778028. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.778028 tuberculosis BCG vaccine efficacy immune response environmental mycobacteria heterogeneity geographical latitude

In the original article, there was an error in Figure 1 as published. Specifically, the curve representing the host anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) immune response in unvaccinated people in low environmental mycobacteria (EMb) abundance areas (normal red line) was not drawn correctly. The corrected Figure 1 appears below.

Effects of environmental mycobacteria (EMb) and BCG on the host response to Mtb and the cross-talk thereof. Host response to Mtb is complex and heterogeneous. Infants and young children have a poorly developed immune system, which is incompetent in containing Mtb infection. BCG vaccination in these people promotes TH1 responses to Mtb, resulting in the effective containment of the bacilli and significant protection against childhood TB (dashed blue and red lines). Owing to the presence of cross-reactive antigens, EMb also activate a degree of immunity against Mtb and therefore, confer some protection against childhood TB (blue line). However, frequent EMb exposure leads to the aggravation of anti-Mtb immunity in immunocompetent adults, which drives TB pathogenesis and results in higher incidence of pulmonary TB in the EMb-abundant areas (normal blue line). Similar aggravation of anti-Mtb immunity occurs in BCG-vaccinated adults in the EMb-abundant areas and leads to higher incidence of adult pulmonary TB and low efficacy of BCG in these places (dashed blue line). On the other hand, owing to low EMb exposure, BCG-mediated immunity against Mtb is not substantially modulated in the adult inhabitants in the areas of lower EMb abundance (dashed red line). Accordingly, vaccinated adults exhibit a moderately intense anti-Mtb immune response, which confers significant protection against adult pulmonary TB in these areas.

The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.

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