AUTHOR=Tabynov Kairat , Babayeva Meruert , Nurpeisov Tair , Fomin Gleb , Nurpeisov Temirzhan , Saltabayeva Ulbossyn , Renu Sankar , Renukaradhya Gourapura J. , Petrovsky Nikolai , Tabynov Kaissar 

TITLE=Evaluation of a Novel Adjuvanted Vaccine for Ultrashort Regimen Therapy of Artemisia Pollen-Induced Allergic Bronchial Asthma in a Mouse Model

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.828690

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2022.828690

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=Wormwood (Artemisia) pollen is among the top ten aeroallergens globally that cause allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is the gold standard for treating patients with allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. A significant disadvantage of today's ASIT methods is the long duration of therapy and multiplicity of allergen administrations. The goal of this study was to undertake a pilot study in mice of a novel ultra-short vaccine immunotherapy regimen incorporating various adjuvants to assess its ability to treat allergic bronchial asthma caused by wormwood pollen. 
We evaluated in a mouse model of wormwood pollen allergy candidates comprising recombinant Art v 1 wormwood pollen protein formulated with either newer (Advax, Advax-CpG, ISA-51) or more traditional (aluminum hydroxide, squalene water emulsion; SWE) adjuvants administered by the intramuscular or subcutaneous route versus intranasal administration of a mucosal vaccine formulation using chitosan-mannose nanoparticle entrapped with Art v 1 protein. The vaccine formulations were administered to previously wormwood pollen sensitized animals, four times at weekly intervals. Desensitization was determined by measuring decreases in IgE, cellular immunity, ear swelling test, and pathological changes in the lungs of animals after aero allergen challenge.    
Art v 1 protein formulation with Advax, Advax-CpG, SWE, or ISA-51 adjuvants induced a significant decrease in both total and Art v 1-specific IgE with a concurrent increase in Art v 1-specific IgG compared to the positive control group. There was a shift in T cell cytokine secretion towards a Th1 (Advax-CpG, ISA-51 and Advax) or a balanced Th1/Th2 (SWE) pattern. Protection against lung inflammatory reaction after challenge was seen with ISA-51, Advax, and SWE Art v 1 formulations. Overall, the ISA-51-adjuvanted vaccine group induced the largest reduction of allergic ear swelling and protection against type 2 and non-type 2 lung inflammation in challenged animals. 
This pilot study shows the potential to develop an ultra-short ASIT regimen for wormwood pollen-induced bronchial asthma using appropriately adjuvanted recombinant Art v 1 protein. The data supports further preclinical studies with the ultimate goal of advancing this therapy to human clinical trials.