Front. Immunol.Frontiers in ImmunologyFront. Immunol.1664-3224Frontiers Media S.A.10.3389/fimmu.2021.649620ImmunologyCorrectionCorrigendum: Previous Radiotherapy Increases the Efficacy of IL-2 in Malignant Pleural Effusion: Potential Evidence of a Radio-Memory Effect?ChenDawei1SongXinyu23WangHaiyong2GaoZhenwu4MengWenjuan5ChenShuquan6MaYunfeng7WangYouda8LiKong1YuJinming1*YueJinbo1*1Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China2Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China3School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China4Department of oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China5Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, China6Laiwu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Laiwu, China7Laiwu People’s Hospital, Laiwu, China8Linyi City People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
Edited and reviewed by: Patrik Andersson, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
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A Corrigendum on Previous Radiotherapy Increases the Efficacy of IL-2 in Malignant Pleural Effusion: Potential Evidence of a Radio-Memory Effect? By Chen D, Song X, Wang H, Gao Z, Meng W, Chen S, Ma Y, Wang Y, Li K, Yu J, Yue J (2018). Front. Immunol. 9:2916. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02916non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)radiotherapyradio-memory effectimmunotherapyinterleukin-2 (IL-2)malignant pleural effusion (MPE)
In the original article, there were mistakes in Figure 1 and Tables 1–3 as published.
Flowchart of eligible patients enrolled in this study. From a total of 3,747 patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE), we identified 1,506 who had been treated with interpleural interleukin-2 (IL-2) and 2,241 who had been treated with intrapleural cisplatin. Of the 1,098 patients given IL-2 (and the 1,875 patients given cisplatin) who had non-small cell lung cancer, 642 who had received IL-2 survived for more than 6 months, and 1,102 who had received cisplatin survived for more than 6 months. Patients in each group were subdivided according to whether they had any vs. no radiotherapy (RT), or extracranial vs. no extracranial RT.
Baseline characteristics.
Variable
Previous radiotherapy
Previous extracranial radiotherapy
N
No (n=318)
Yes (n=324)
p value
No (n=354)
Yes (n=288)
p value
Sex
Male
360
168(53%)
192(59%)
0.101
198(56%)
162(56%)
0.936
Female
282
150(47%)
132(41%)
156(44%)
126(44%)
Age, years
≥55
312
144(45%)
168(52%)
0.497
174(49%)
138(48%)
0.755
<55
330
174(55%)
156(48%)
180(51%)
150(52%)
ECOG PS Score
0
122
60(19%)
62(19%)
0.992
70(20%)
52(18%)
0.859
1
412
204(64%)
208(64%)
225(63%)
187(65%)
2
108
54(17%)
54(17%)
59(17%)
49(17%)
Histopathological classification
Squamous cell
198
90(28%)
108(33%)
0.168
120(34%)
78(27%)
0.063
Adenocarcinoma or other
444
228(72%)
216(67%)
234(66%)
210(73%)
Smoking history
Never-smoker
402
210(66%)
192(59%)
0.076
233(66%)
169(58%)
0.409
Former/current smoker
240
108(34%)
132(41%)
121(34%)
119(42%)
Diagnosis method
CT guided biopsy
264
126(40%)
138(43%)
0.001
138(39%)
126(44%)
0.001
Pleural effusion cytology
144
78(25%)
66(20%)
90(25%)
54(19%)
Thoracotomy
174
72(23%)
102(31%)
78(22%)
96(33%)
Neck lymph node biopsy
60
42(12%)
18(6%)
48(14%)
12(4%)
Color of Pleural Effusion
Bloody
426
222(70%)
204(63%)
0.066
246(69%)
180(63%)
0.062
Light yellow
216
96(30%)
120(37%)
108(31%)
108(37%)
Hematologic Findings
Neutrophil count, mean ± IQR, × 103/μl
6.12 ± 1.78
4.48 ± 1.34
0.032
6.09 ± 1.81
4.4 ± 1.32
0.034
Total lymphocyte count, mean ± IQR, × 103/μl
1.34 ± 0.35
2.21 ± 0.70
0.021
1.35 ± 0.36
2.19 ± 0.69
0.022
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
4.56 ± 1.36
2.06 ± 0.70
<0.01
4.52 ± 1.41
2.02 ± 0.75
<0.01
Intrapleural chemotherapy chemotherapy before IL-2
Yes
528
258(81%)
270(83%)
0.466
286(81%)
242(84%)
0.286
No
114
60(19%)
54(17%)
68(19%)
46(19%)
History of brain metastases
68(21%)
36(10%)
32(11%)
No. Of previous systemic therapies, mean (range)
2(0-5)
2(0-5)
0.017
2(0-5)
3(0-6)
0.021
Previous systemic therapies before IL-2
Yes
486
236(74%)
250(77%)
0.384
259(73%)
227(79%)
0.097
No
156
82(26%)
74(23%)
95(27%)
61(21%)
Radiotherapy schedule before distant metastasis
ChT→CCRT
140(43%)
140(49%)
CCRT→ChT
61(19%)
61(21%)
ChT→RT
66(20%)
66(23%)
CCRT alone
21(7%)
21(7%)
Intracranial radiotherapy
36(11%)
0
Radiotherapy technology
Conventional radiotherapy
164(%)
148(51%)
3D-CRT/MRT
160(%)
140(49%)
Previous SABR
Yes
20
20(%)
20(7%)
No
622
304(%)
268(93%)
ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; IMRT, intensity modulated radiotherapy; 3D-CRT, three dimensional conformal radiotherapy; SBRT, stereotactic body radiotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery.
Predictors associated with progression free survival (PFS).
PFS*
Any previous RT and PFS†
Previous extracranial RT and PFS†
Wald x2
p value
HR
95% CI
p value
HR
95% CI
p value
Sex (Male vs Female)
1.778
0.182
Age (≥55 vs <55)
0.056
0.812
ECOG PS Score (0 vs 1 vs 2)
0.104
0.747
Histopathological classification (Adenocarcinoma and other vs Squamous)
1.860
0.173
Smoking history (Never vs Former/current)
2.845
0.092
0.892
0.747-1.064
0.204
0.862
0.721-1.029
0.101
Colour (Bloody vs Yellow)
0.178
0.673
Previous systematic therapy (Yes vs No)
1.931
0.165
Previous intrapleural chemotherapy (Yes vs No)
1.859
0.173
Any previous radiotherapy (Yes vs No)
7.299
0.007
0.805
0.677-0.957
0.014
Previous extracranial radiotherapy (Yes vs No)
9.048
0.003
0.752
0.632-0.895
0.001
Progression-free survival was defined as the time from the first administration of I.P. IL-2 to disease progression or death. HR, hazard ratio. *Univariate analysis.
†Multivariate analysis.
Predictors associated with overall survival (OS)
OS*
Any previous RT and OS†
Previous extracranial RT and OS†
Wald x2
p value
HR
95% CI
p value
HR
95% CI
p value
Sex (Male vs Female)
1.610
0.205
Age (≥55 vs <55)
0.030
0.863
ECOG PS Score (0 vs 1 vs 2)
0.071
0.790
Histopathological classification (Adenocarcinoma and other vs Squamous)
1.456
0.228
Smoking history (Never vs Former/current)
3.747
0.053
0.884
0.740-1.054
0.169
0.875
0.733-1.046
0.142
Colour (Bloody vs Yellow)
0.269
0.604
Previous systematic therapy (Yes vs No)
1.994
0.158
Previous intrapleural chemotherapy (Yes vs No)
1.673
0.196
Any previous radiotherapy (Yes vs No)
15.033
<0.001
0.726
0.611-0.864
<0.001
Previous extracranial radiotherapy (Yes vs No)
17.101
<0.001
0.653
0.549-0.778
<0.001
Overall survival was defined as the time from the first dose of intrapleural interkeukin-2 until disease progression or death. OS, overall survival.
In Figure 1, instead of “354 with any prior RT”, “288 with no prior RT”, “324 with prior extra-cranial RT” and “318 without prior extra-cranial RT”, it should be “324 with any prior RT”, “318 with no prior RT”, “288 with prior extra-cranial RT” and “354 without prior extra-cranial RT”, respectively.
Meanwhile, there were mistakes in Table 1 due to some incorrect statistical results. Consequently, Tables 2 and 3 also need to be revised as, after rechecking the data, ECOG score is not significant in Table 2 These errors were caused by the carelessness and mis-operation in statistics and have been identified by the authors so that this would not happen in the future. The corrected Figure 1 and Table 1 to 3 appear below.
Consequently, a correction has been made to “RESULTS”, “Survival Outcomes”: paragraphs 1 and 2:
“In univariate analysis of the 642 patients who received intrapleural IL-2, having had any prior radiotherapy (p = 0.007) and having had extracranial radiotherapy (p = 0.003) were associated with longer PFS. Multivariate analysis revealed that having had any radiotherapy and extracranial radiotherapy were independent predictors of PFS (Table 2).”
“In univariate analysis of the 642 patients who received intrapleural IL-2, having had any prior radiotherapy (p < 0.001) and extracranial radiotherapy (p < 0.001) were associated with longer OS. Multivariate analysis revealed that having had any radiotherapy and extracranial radiotherapy were independent predictors of OS (Table 3).”
The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.