AUTHOR= TITLE=Retraction: Innovative analysis in climate change: evidence from developed European countries JOURNAL=Frontiers in Environmental Science VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2025 YEAR=2025 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1712987 DOI=10.3389/fenvs.2025.1712987 ISSN=2296-665X