AUTHOR=Bruno Roberto , Jaskhec Gerald 

TITLE=Enhanced thermal storage for residential heating: sand and iron waste to manage PV surpluses

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Energy Research

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/energy-research/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2025.1672714

DOI=10.3389/fenrg.2025.1672714

ISSN=2296-598X

ABSTRACT=This research investigates the application of solid thermal storage, charged with a surplus of photovoltaic electricity, for residential building heating. The performance of the storage system was evaluated using TRNSYS modelling and simulation across various operating conditions, examining the impact of the installed photovoltaic peak power, storage volume and operating temperature. The solid storage medium was either pure sand or a sand-iron waste mixture. Results indicate the technology’s potential to improve renewable energy self-consumption and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, achieving a solar fraction for heating reaching 65% for a 49.5 kWp photovoltaic field and a 2 m3 storage unit at 600 °C. Economic analysis confirms the system’s viability in certain applications, in light of a discounted payback of 12 years, determined considering a lifespan of 25 years.