AUTHOR=Vale Ana Paula , Perpétua Rafaela 
  
TITLE=Early Context-Conditioned Orthographic Knowledge in European Portuguese: The Spelling of the Schwa
  
JOURNAL=Frontiers in Education
  
VOLUME=Volume 5 - 2020
  
YEAR=2020
  
URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2020.513577
  
DOI=10.3389/feduc.2020.513577
  
ISSN=2504-284X
  
ABSTRACT=This longitudinal study examined how phonemic-orthographic context affected the spelling of the schwa by Portuguese beginning spellers at two time points in first grade. The schwa, being phonetically instable and phonologically ill-defined, having an optional unpredictable realization and being frequently deleted at syllable final position, is often spelt as