AUTHOR=Tiwari Vibha , Agarwal Ocean , Sharma Manya , Sahu Rashi , Babar Radhika , Geddam Rebakah , Awais Muhammad , Ghayvat Hemant 

TITLE=Akshar Mitra: a multimodal integrated framework for early dyslexia detection

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Digital Health

VOLUME=Volume 7 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-health/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1726307

DOI=10.3389/fdgth.2025.1726307

ISSN=2673-253X

ABSTRACT=Developmental dyslexia is a prevalent neurobiological disorder affecting 10%–15% of children globally, yet it remains largely undiagnosed due to the inaccessibility of conventional assessments in resource-limited settings. Existing screening methods are further constrained by their reliance on unimodal data streams and the need for large, clinically-labeled datasets. This paper presents Akshar Mitra, a Multimodal Integrated Framework (MMF), a novel computational methodology designed for accessible and early dyslexia screening. The framework pioneers the integration of three low-cost, high-yield digital biomarkers derived from eye-tracking, speech, and handwriting analysis.The MMF is implemented through three modules: webcam-based eye-tracking for fixation and saccadic analysis, automated speech assessment for fluency metrics, and optical character recognition for handwriting error detection. Each module extracts 4–6 interpretable features (e.g., fixation regressions, word-error rate, character reversals) that are standardized via a shared data schema. These objective measures are augmented by a concise behavioral questionnaire to generate a holistic risk profile. Beyond screening, the system incorporates support tools, including a dyslexia-friendly reading interface with syllable-level highlighting, to foster user engagement and confidence.By creating a scalable, language-agnostic, and explainable system, this work offers a viable pathway to bridge the global dyslexia diagnostic gap. The MMF provides a transformative tool for proactive screening, facilitating early intervention and improving educational outcomes.