Front. Complex Syst. Frontiers in Complex Systems Front. Complex Syst. 2813-6187 Frontiers Media S.A. 1808241 10.3389/fcpxs.2026.1808241 Retraction Retraction: Toward a thermodynamic theory of evolution: a theoretical perspective on information entropy reduction and the emergence of complexity Frontiers Editorial Office 10.3389/fcpxs.2026.1808241 Frontiers Editorial Office * Correspondence: Frontiers Editorial Office, research.integrity@frontiersin.org 16 02 2026 2026 4 1808241 10 02 2026 10 02 2026 Copyright © 2026 Frontiers Editorial Office. 2026 Frontiers Editorial Office https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. A Retraction of the Hypothesis and Theory Article Toward a thermodynamic theory of evolution: a theoretical perspective on information entropy reduction and the emergence of complexity by Mendoza Montano C (2025). Front. Complex Syst. 3:1630050. doi: 10.3389/fcpxs.2025.1630050 section-at-acceptance Complex Systems Theory

The journal retracts the 31 July 2025 article cited above.

Following publication, concerns were raised regarding the citations included and scientific validity of the article. An investigation was conducted in accordance with Frontiers’ policies. The authors failed to provide a satisfactory explanation and as a result, the conclusions of the article have been deemed unreliable and the article has been retracted. This retraction was approved by the Chief Editors of Frontiers in Complex Systems and the Chief Executive Editor of Frontiers. The authors agree to this retraction. Frontiers would like to thank the concerned reader who contacted us regarding the published article.

Approved by: Andrea Rapisarda, University of Catania, Italy