<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" "journalpublishing.dtd">
<article article-type="retraction" dtd-version="2.3" xml:lang="EN" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Front. Chem.</journal-id>
<journal-title>Frontiers in Chemistry</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Front. Chem.</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn pub-type="epub">2296-2646</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Frontiers Media S.A.</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1631230</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fchem.2025.1631230</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Chemistry</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Retraction</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Retraction: A methylene blue assisted electrochemical sensor for determination of drug resistance of <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>
</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="left-running-head">Frontiers Editorial Office</alt-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="right-running-head">
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2025.1631230">10.3389/fchem.2025.1631230</ext-link>
</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<collab>Frontiers Editorial Office</collab>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c001">&#x2a;</xref>
<uri xlink:href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/228891/overview"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<fn fn-type="edited-by">
<p>
<bold>Approved by:</bold> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/93843/overview">Nosang Vincent Myung</ext-link>, University of Notre Dame, United States</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="c001">&#x2a;Correspondence: Frontiers Editorial Office, <email>research.integrity@frontiersin.org</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>29</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<elocation-id>1631230</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>19</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>19</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright &#xa9; 2025 Frontiers Editorial Office.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Frontiers Editorial Office</copyright-holder>
<license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.</p>
</license>
</permissions>
<related-article id="RA1" related-article-type="retracted-article" journal-id="Front. Chem." journal-id-type="nlm-ta" xlink:href="10.3389/fchem.2021.689735" ext-link-type="doi">A retraction of the Original Research Article <article-title>A methylene blue assisted electrochemical sensor for determination of drug resistance of <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>
</article-title> by Duan R, Fang X and Wang D (2021). Front. Chem. 9:689735. doi: <object-id>10.3389/fchem.2021.689735</object-id>
</related-article>
<custom-meta-wrap>
<custom-meta>
<meta-name>section-at-acceptance</meta-name>
<meta-value>Electrochemistry</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-wrap>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<p>The journal retracts the 31 May 2021 article cited above.</p>
<p>Following publication, the authors contacted the Editorial Office to request the retraction of the cited article, stating that the data in the publication is not reliable. Specifically, the authors identified errors in Figures 6 and 7, involving the misrepresentations of %RA values for bacterial strains. This inconsistency affected the distinction between sensitive and drug-resistant strains using the electrochemical method. These inaccuracies were discovered by the authors analysing the original data during further studies on the same subject. An investigation was conducted in accordance with Frontiers&#x2019; policies that confirmed this; therefore, the article has been retracted.</p>
<p>This retraction was approved by the Chief Editors of Frontiers in Chemistry and the Chief Executive Editor of Frontiers. The authors agree to this retraction.</p>
</body>
</article>