AUTHOR=Orsi Henrique , de Lira Daiany R. P. , Castilho Ivana G. , de Souza Guilherme F. R. , Onur Tugce , Chura-Chambi Rosa M. , Abe Cecilia M. , Carvalho Enéas , dos Santos Luis F. , Rasko David A. , Schembri Mark A. , Barbosa Angela S. , Elias Waldir P. , Hernandes Rodrigo T. 

TITLE=EPEC autotransporter adhesin (Eaa): a novel adhesin identified in atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

VOLUME=Volume 15 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1617101

DOI=10.3389/fcimb.2025.1617101

ISSN=2235-2988

ABSTRACT=Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a pathogen that causes diarrhea that can be subdivided into typical (tEPEC) and atypical (aEPEC), based on the production of an adhesin termed Bundle-Forming Pilus (BFP) in the former group. aEPEC is one of the main bacterial pathogens isolated from individuals with diarrhea, and some serotypes have been implicated in diarrheal outbreaks in Brazil, such as the O2:H16. A comparative genomic analysis of aEPEC of this serotype led to the identification of a gene encoding a previously uncharacterized autotransporter protein. In the present study, this novel autotransporter protein was characterized and named EPEC Autotransporter Adhesin (Eaa). The Eaa-encoding gene (eaa) is located in a chromosomal prophage region of 17,014 base pairs, organized in 20 open reading frames and inserted downstream to the threonine-tRNA. A recombinant plasmid termed pIC (pBAD/Myc-His A harboring the eaa gene from aEPEC BA92) was transformed in the MS427 host bacteria, and the MS427(pIC) was used in phenotypic assays. Immunogold-labelling transmission electron microscopy, using anti-Eaa antibodies, showed the presence of Eaa in the cell surface of the wild-type BA92 and MS427(pIC) strains. Subsequently, we demonstrated that Eaa mediates bacterial autoaggregation, biofilm formation and binding to several components of the extracellular matrix, including fibrinogen, plasma and cellular fibronectin, type I, III as well as V collagen and laminin. In summary, we demonstrated that Eaa harbors several adherence properties and may contribute to the pathogenicity of some aEPEC isolates by mediating the interaction of this pathogen with biotic and abiotic surfaces.