Front. Cell Dev. Biol. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 2296-634X Frontiers Media S.A. 1794645 10.3389/fcell.2026.1794645 Retraction Retraction: Metformin-enhanced cardiac AMP-activated protein kinase/atrogin-1 pathways inhibit charged multivesicular body protein 2B accumulation in ischemia–reperfusion injury Frontiers Editorial Office 10.3389/fcell.2026.1794645 Frontiers Editorial Office * Correspondence: Frontiers Editorial Office, research.integrity@frontiersin.org 02 02 2026 2026 14 1794645 23 01 2026 26 01 2026 Copyright © 2026 Frontiers Editorial Office. 2026 Frontiers Editorial Office https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. A Retraction of Original Research Article Metformin-enhanced cardiac AMP-activated protein kinase/atrogin-1 pathways inhibit charged multivesicular body protein 2B accumulation in ischemia–reperfusion injury by Li T, Yin Y, Mu N, Wang Y, Liu M, Chen M, Jiang W, Yu L, Li Y and Ma H (2021). Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 8:621509. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.621509 section-at-acceptance Cell Death and Survival

The journal retracts the 5 February 2021 article cited above.

Following publication, concerns were raised regarding the integrity of the data due to an overlap between figure 2A and figure 4A. The authors failed to provide a satisfactory explanation during the investigation, which was conducted in accordance with Frontiers’ policies. As a result, the data and conclusions of the article have been deemed unreliable and the article has been retracted.

This retraction was approved by Chief Editors of Frontiers in Cell Development and Biology and the Chief Executive Editor of Frontiers. The authors do not agree with this retraction.

Approved by: Frontiers Editorial Office, Frontiers Media SA, Switzerland