AUTHOR=Lin Yanxia , Zhang Huanrui , Jiang Yuqi , Tian Wen 

TITLE=Oxidative stress and its related epigenetic modifications in vascular calcification: mechanisms and advances

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1662989

DOI=10.3389/fcvm.2025.1662989

ISSN=2297-055X

ABSTRACT=Vascular calcification (VC) refers to the pathological deposition of hydroxyapatite within the arterial wall and is characterized by the transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteogenic phenotypes. Emerging evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of vascular calcification. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) not only activates the expression of calcification-related genes but also promotes VSMC phenotypic switching through diverse epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we summarize current advances in understanding the interplay between oxidative stress and epigenetic regulation in VC, to provide novel theoretical perspectives on the pathogenesis of this complex vascular disorder.