AUTHOR=Pantiukhin Dmitrii , Shapkin Boris , Kuznetsov Ivan , Jost Antonia Anna , Koldunov Nikolay 

TITLE=Accelerating earth science discovery via multi-agent LLM systems

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence

VOLUME=Volume 8 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1674927

DOI=10.3389/frai.2025.1674927

ISSN=2624-8212

ABSTRACT=This Perspective explores the transformative potential of multi-agent systems (MAS) powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) in the geosciences. Users of geoscientific data repositories face challenges due to the complexity and diversity of data formats, inconsistent metadata practices, and a considerable number of unprocessed datasets. MAS possesses transformative potential for improving scientists’ interaction with geoscientific data by enabling intelligent data processing, natural language interfaces, and collaborative problem-solving capabilities. We illustrate this approach with “PANGAEA GPT,” a specialized MAS pipeline integrated with the diverse PANGAEA database for Earth & Environmental Science, demonstrating how MAS-driven workflows can effectively manage complex datasets and accelerate scientific discovery. We discuss how MAS can address current data challenges in geosciences, highlight advancements in other scientific fields, and propose future directions for integrating MAS into geoscientific data processing pipelines. In this Perspective, we show how MAS can fundamentally improve data accessibility, promote cross-disciplinary collaboration, and accelerate geoscientific discoveries.