AUTHOR=Imrie Fergus , Rauba Paulius , van der Schaar Mihaela 

TITLE=Redefining digital health interfaces with large language models

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence

VOLUME=Volume 8 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1623339

DOI=10.3389/frai.2025.1623339

ISSN=2624-8212

ABSTRACT=Digital health tools have the potential to significantly improve the delivery of healthcare services. However, their adoption remains comparatively limited due, in part, to challenges surrounding usability and trust. Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as general-purpose models with the ability to process complex information and produce human-quality text, presenting a wealth of potential applications in healthcare. Directly applying LLMs in clinical settings is not straightforward, however, as LLMs are susceptible to providing inconsistent or nonsensical answers. We demonstrate how LLM-based systems, with LLMs acting as agents, can utilize external tools and provide a novel interface between clinicians and digital technologies. This enhances the utility and practical impact of digital healthcare tools and AI models while addressing current issues with using LLMs in clinical settings, such as hallucinations. We illustrate LLM-based interfaces with examples of cardiovascular disease and stroke risk prediction, quantitatively assessing their performance and highlighting the benefit compared to traditional interfaces for digital tools.