AUTHOR=EL Sabagh Ayman , Islam Mohammad Sohidul , Hossain Akbar , Iqbal Muhammad Aamir , Mubeen Muhammad , Waleed Mirza , Reginato Mariana , Battaglia Martin , Ahmed Sharif , Rehman Abdul , Arif Muhammad , Athar Habib-Ur-Rehman , Ratnasekera Disna , Danish Subhan , Raza Muhammad Ali , Rajendran Karthika , Mushtaq Muntazir , Skalicky Milan , Brestic Marian , Soufan Walid , Fahad Shah , Pandey Saurabh , Kamran Muhammad , Datta Rahul , Abdelhamid Magdi T. 

TITLE=Phytohormones as Growth Regulators During Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Agronomy

VOLUME=Volume 4 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/agronomy/articles/10.3389/fagro.2022.765068

DOI=10.3389/fagro.2022.765068

ISSN=2673-3218

ABSTRACT=Phytohormones (PHs) are important regulators of the plant life cycle under optimum and non-optimum conditions (characterized by different stresses). PHs have a critical role in the interaction of plants towards the environment, and they can offset the detrimental impacts that different stresses pose during plant growth and reproduction. Recently, various studies have highlighted the role of PHs such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonates in the plant responses towards environmental stresses. The involvement of cytokinins, gibberellins, auxin, and relatively novel PHs such as strigolactones and brassinosteroids has been documented under normal and stressful plant growth and development. The recent identification of the first plant melatonin receptor opened the door to this regulatory molecule being considered a new plant hormone. However, polyamines, which are not considered PHs, have been included in this chapter. We propose these organic compounds as a new type of plant growth regulator to cope with environmental stresses. This chapter focused on the recent developments in the knowledge related to PHs and their involvement in abiotic stresses of anticipation, signaling, cross-talk, and activation of response mechanisms.