AUTHOR=Li Dongyue , Lin Xinyu , Li Haojie , Zhou Jian 

TITLE=Transcranial stimulation combined with four rehabilitation therapies for gait and motor function in Parkinson’s disease: a network meta-analysis of 23 RCTs

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

VOLUME=Volume 17 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/aging-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2025.1670825

DOI=10.3389/fnagi.2025.1670825

ISSN=1663-4365

ABSTRACT=IntroductionParkinson’s disease (PD) has become the fastest-growing neurological disease worldwide. This network meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of transcranial stimulation combined with four rehabilitation approaches for improving gait and motor function in Parkinson’s disease.MethodsWe systematically searched seven databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang. Data from 23 randomized controlled trials (n = 669 patients) were analyzed using a frequentist network meta-analysis approach. Primary outcomes included gait parameters (velocity, cadence, stride length) and motor function (Timed Up and Go test, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III). Statistical analyses incorporated the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking curve rankings and sensitivity analyses.Results(1) For gait outcomes, Dual-Task Training showed optimal efficacy for improving stride length (SUCRA = 100%) and velocity (86.5%), while Exercise Rehabilitation best improved cadence (100%). (2) For motor function, Conventional Rehabilitation demonstrated superior improvement in the Timed Up and Go test (100%), and Dual-Task Training showed advantages in Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III scores (85.1%). All combined interventions significantly outperformed the control groups (p < 0.05), and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings.ConclusionThe results support the use of personalized rehabilitation strategies: Dual-Task Training for patients with stride deficits and prominent motor symptoms, Exercise Rehabilitation for cadence improvement, and Conventional Rehabilitation for enhancing general mobility. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for optimizing neurorehabilitation protocols in the management of Parkinson’s disease.